The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum and aluminum alloy welding materials, and relates to self-propagating aluminum solder and a welding rod. The solder is made of gypsum powder, aluminum powder, copper powder, tin powder, zinc powder, silica powder, calcium fluoride powder, sodium fluosilicate powder, scandium powder, yttrium powder and silver powder. The solder, colophony powder and paraffin are dehydrated, mixed, pressed, densified, shaped and packaged to form the welding rod. The welding rod mainly and structurally comprises a grain, an ignition line, a handle and a grain external wrapping thin aluminum barrel. The welding rod is convenient to store and transport, production cost is low and equipment investment is small. Parent metal does not need to be preprocessed before welding, a power source does not need to be additionally added in the process of welding, the welding process is not interfered by a magnetic field, and the combustion process is safe and stable. Good metallurgical bonding is formed by the welded parent metal and welding joint alloy, a joint does not have a common welding defect, and the mechanical property is good. The welding rod can be suitable for welding electric conduction parent metal such as aluminum busbars and aluminum wires besides common aluminum alloy components.