The invention provides a production method of high-viscosity cotton pulp, which comprises the following steps: (a) pulping cotton linters, mixing the pulped cotton linters with steam and cooking liquor, and carrying out horizontal pipe continuous steaming to obtain cooked pulp, wherein the temperature of the horizontal pipe continuous steaming is 122 DEG C to 127 DEG C, the rotating speed is 1.5 r/min to 1.9 r/min, the time is 65 min to 100 min, and the pressure is 0.1 MPa to 0.18 MPa; (b) sequentially carrying out pulp extrusion, washing, impurity removal, previous refining, first desanding,first concentration, pre-acidification and chloridizing alkalization on the cooked pulp obtained in the step (a) to obtain to-be-bleached pulp; (c) bleaching the to-be-bleached pulp obtained in the step (b) to obtain bleached pulp; and (d) sequentially carrying out second desanding, second concentration, refining after bleaching, defibrination and papermaking on the bleached pulp obtained in the step (c) to obtain the high-viscosity cotton pulp. Compared with the prior art, the production method has the advantages that stable, reliable, continuous and rapid production of the high-viscosity cotton pulp can be realized, the obtained product meets the performance requirements of the high-viscosity cotton pulp 2600 product, and the quality fluctuation is small.