256results about How to "Small feature size" patented technology

A sulfonium salt having a polymerizable anion generates a strong sulfonic acid upon exposure to high-energy radiation so that it facilitates effective scission of acid labile groups in chemically amplified resist compositions. It is useful as a monomer from which a base resin for use in radiation-sensitive resist compositions is derived.

A multiple mask and a multiple masking layer technique can be used to pattern a single IC layer. A resolution enhancement technique can be used to define one or more fine-line patterns in a first masking layer, wherein each fine-line feature is sub-wavelength. Moreover, the pitch of each fine-line pattern is less than or equal to that wavelength. The portions of the fine-line features not needed to implement the circuit design are then removed or designated for removal using a mask. After patterning of the first masking layer, another mask can then be used to define coarse features in a second masking layer formed over the patterned first masking layer. At least one coarse feature is defined to connect two fine-line features. The IC layer can be patterned using the composite mask formed by the patterned first and second masking layers.

This application describes a method of forming a switching device. The method includes forming a first dielectric material overlying a surface region of a substrate. A bottom wiring material is formed overlying the first dielectric material and a switching material is deposited overlying the bottom wiring material. The bottom wiring material and the switching material is subjected to a first patterning and etching process to form a first structure having a top surface region and a side region. The first structure includes at least a bottom wiring structure and a switching element having a top surface region including an exposed region of the switching element. A second dielectric material is formed overlying at least the first structure including the exposed region of the switching element. The method forms a first opening region in a portion of the second dielectric layer to expose a portion of the top surface region of the switching element. A dielectric side wall structure is formed overlying a side region of the first opening region. A top wiring material including a conductive material is formed overlying at lease the top surface region of the switching element such that the conductive material is in direct contact with the switching element. The side wall spacer reduces a contact area for the switching element and the conductive material and thus a reduced active device area for the switching device. In a specific embodiment, the reduced area provides for an increase in device ON/OFF current ratio.

A method of imaging a pattern in a microlithographic exposure apparatus includes performing two exposures, each with a different mask, the superposition of the images defined by the two masks produces the complete circuit pattern. A dipolar illumination mode is used for each exposure, the dipoles of the two exposures being mutually perpendicular. The dipolar illumination mode of the first exposure is used to image mask features parallel to a first direction, and the dipolar illumination mode of the second exposure is used to image mask features perpendicular to the first direction.

A light emitting diode device emitting at a wavelength of 390-415 nm has a bulk gallium and nitrogen containing substrate with an active region. The device has a current density of greater than about 175 Amps/cm² and an external quantum efficiency with a roll off of less than about 5% absolute efficiency.

This invention relates to the control of etch and deposition processes in the manufacture of semiconductor devices, microelectronic machines (MEMs), and waveguides.

A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) device is configured to store at least two bits of data in a single cell utilizing the variable resistance characteristic of a MTJ. The MTJ includes a soft and two fixed magnetic layers with fixed field directions oriented in perpendicular directions. The soft magnetic layer is separated from the fixed layers by insulating layers preferably with different thicknesses, or with different material compositions. The resulting junction resistance can exhibit at least four distinct resistance values dependent on the magnetic orientation of the free magnetic layer. The cell is configured using a pattern with four lobes to store two bits, and eight lobes to store three bits. The resulting cell can be used to provide a fast, non-volatile magnetic random access memory (MRAM) with high density and no need to rewrite stored data after they are read, or as a fast galvanic isolator.

Homeland Intelligence Systems Technology “H-LIST” comprises nano-sensors embedded in a silicon substrate and etched/fused in a micro-fibered material alloyed with miniaturized steel responsive to preventing bullet penetration and to enable effective detection platform on an outfit for monitoring suspicious terrorist activities and for tracking biological and chemical gases, and explosives, including weapons of mass destruction and physiological conditions of personnel. H-LIST comprises plurality sensors on an outfit worn by an officer, a security officer, a bus driver, hostesses, Doctors, civil establishment hospital patients and the like, for sensing deadly gases, explosives, and physiological conditions in a defined area A receptor is operatively configured and worn proximate to the outfit responsive for empowering the sensors and for receiving/analyzing detection signal communications wirelessly indicative of the presence of a sensed agent, whereby detected signals are transported wirelessly to a central security monitoring station, enabling communication with first responders and backup security personnel or agents to the vicinity of the detection. The sensors are multifunctional and coded to recognize wavelike pattern of gases and explosives traveling through the wave, enabling the outfit and the receptor to be operable and process the portion of the detection signal to determine the detection type and/or whether there is a concealed object by conducting a test in which a first characteristic of a first dielectric constant associated with a person is determined, and a second characteristic of a second dielectric constant associated with the concealed object and or weapons of mass destruction is determined to expedite data transmission and communication to first responders.

Embodiments of the present invention include a method of manufacturing a trench polysilicon diode. The method includes forming a N− (P−) type epitaxial region on a N+ (P+) type substrate and forming a trench in the N− (P−) type epitaxial region. The method further includes forming a insulating layer in the trench and filling the trench with polysilicon forming a top surface of the trench. The method further includes forming P+ (N+) type doped polysilicon region and N+ (P+) type doped polysilicon region in the trench and forming a diode in the trench wherein a portion of the diode is lower than the top surface of the trench.

Ion mobility spectrometer. The spectrometer includes an enclosure for receiving a sample therewithin and an electron beam window admits an electron beam into the enclosure to ionize the sample in an ionization region. A shutter grid is spaced apart from the ionization region and means are provided for sample ion preconcentration upstream of the shutter grid. The ion preconcentration is effective to reduce space charge resulting in a lowered threshold detection level.

A lithography apparatus having achromatic Fresnel objective (AFO) that combines a Fresnel zone plate and a refractive Fresnel lens. The zone plate provides high resolution for imaging and focusing, while the refractive lens takes advantage of the refraction index change properties of appropriate elements near absorption edges to recombine the electromagnetic radiation of different energies dispersed by the zone plate. This compound lens effectively solves the high chromatic aberration problem of zone plates. The lithography apparatus allows the use of short wavelength radiation in the 1-15 nm spectral range to print high resolution features as small as 20 nm.

Methods and apparatus for measuring an optical azimuth angle φ_O of a substrate relative to a plane of detection in scatterometry tools are disclosed. A grating target on a stage of a scatterometry tool may be illuminated and positions of the resulting diffraction orders may be observed. The optical azimuth angle may be determined from the positions of the diffraction orders. Alternatively, polarization-dependent signals of radiation scattered from a line grating may be measured for equal and opposite polarization angles +A and −A. A combination signal may be computed from the polarization-dependent signals obtained at +A and −A and a property of the combination signal may be calculated for several mechanical Azimuth angles φ_M. A relationship between the optical azimuth angle φ_O and the mechanical azimuth angle φ_M may be determined from a behavior of the property as a function of mechanical azimuth angle φ_M.

Methods of forming an integrated circuit device may include forming a resist pattern on a layer of an integrated circuit device with portions of the layer being exposed through openings of the resist pattern. An organic-inorganic hybrid siloxane network film may be formed on the resist pattern. Portions of the layer exposed through the resist pattern and the organic-inorganic hybrid siloxane network film may then be removed. Related structures are also discussed.

Provided are a mask pattern including a silicon-containing self-assembled molecular layer, a method of forming the same, and a method of fabricating a semiconductor device. The mask pattern includes a resist pattern formed on a semiconductor substrate and the self-assembled molecular layer formed on the resist pattern. The self-assembled molecular layer has a silica network formed by a sol-gel reaction. To form the mask pattern, first, the resist pattern is formed with openings on an underlayer covering the substrate to expose the underlayer to a first width. Then, the self-assembled molecular layer is selectively formed only on a surface of the resist pattern to expose the underlayer to a second width smaller than the first width. The underlayer is etched by using the resist pattern and the self-assembled molecular layer as an etching mask to obtain a fine pattern.

A nonvolative memory in the form of a vertical flash EPROM with high density and low cost. A vertical MOS transistor is formed in well etched into a semiconductor substrate, the substrate having source, body and drain regions formed by ion implantation. A thin gate oxide or oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) layer is formed in the well and a self-aligned floating gate of polysilicon is formed over the gate oxide in the well to overlie the body region. An anisotropic etch is used to form the self aligned floating gate so as to remove all horizontal components and leave no portion of said floating gate extending beyond the perimeter of said well such that its lateral extents are determined by the anisotropic etch and not photolithography. L_eff is determined by the energy of the implants used for form the source and drain regions and not by lithography. A deep field oxide bounding parts of said well keeps the coupling ratio good at all feature sizes. A vertically oriented NMOS and PMOS transistor are also disclosed.

This invention provides novel methods for the formation of redox-active polymers attached to surfaces. In certain embodiments, the methods involve providing redox-active molecules bearing at least a first reactive site or group and a second reactive site or group; and contacting the surface with the redox-active molecules where the contacting is under conditions that result in attachment of said redox-active molecules to said surface via the first reactive site or group and attachment of redox-active molecules via the second reactive site or group, to the redox-active molecules attached to the surface thereby forming a polymer attached to said surface where the polymers comprise at least two of said redox-active molecules.

A biocompatible material, wherein at least a part of a surface of the biocompatible material is characterized by a micro or nano-meter scale topographical structure comprising a plurality of features where the structure is selected to promote a predetermined cell function in vivo or ex vivo in cell or tissue culture.

An improved method for fabricating a three dimensional monolithic memory with increased density. The method includes forming conductors preferably comprising tungsten, then filling and planarizing; above the conductors forming semiconductor elements preferably comprising two diode portions and an antifuse, then filling and planarizing; and continuing to form conductors and semiconductor elements in multiple stories of memories. The arrangement of processing steps and the choice of materials decreases aspect ratio of each memory cell, improving the reliability of gap fill and preventing etch undercut.