The invention provides a vanadium dioxide thin film having a regular truss network structure and a preparation method thereof. The vanadium oxide thin film is an M phase and has the regular truss network structure formed by uniformly connecting nanorods, wherein the nanorods are each of a monocrystal structure, the length of crystal grains is 200-500 nm and the width of the crystal grains is 30-60 nm. The method includes the steps: step (1), preparation of an initial product of the vanadium dioxide thin film; step (2), preparation of a semi-finished product of the vanadium dioxide thin film, and step (3), preparation of the vanadium oxide thin film. The vanadium dioxide thin film prepared by the method provided by the embodiment of the invention has excellent thermal induced phase transition performance and excellent heat induced resistance modulation capability, and also has relatively high visible light transmittance rate and relatively strong thermal radiation modulation performance. At the same time, the thin film morphology, size and density are effectively controlled through controlling reaction conditions, and the preparation method has the advantages of simple process, large-area production, easily obtained raw materials, low cost and the like and is suitable for use in industrialization.