A serum-free chondrocyte culture medium, in which exogenous additives are added to the basic culture medium. The basal culture fluid is DMEM culture fluid or F12 culture fluid or the mixed culture fluid of DMEM culture fluid and F12 culture fluid, and the exogenous additives are non-essential amino acids, dextran, vitamin C, glutamine, sodium pyruvate, insulin or Insulin-like growth factor, transferrin, growth hormone, triiodothyronine, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, sodium selenite, beta-mercaptoethanol, lipid concentrate, progesterone, butylenediamine, base fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor, bone morphogenic protein, platelet-derived growth factor. The culture medium does not add albumin, which can avoid the potential hidden dangers caused by the use of serum, improve the ability of chondrocytes to secrete extracellular matrix, and is close to the growth and proliferation state in the serum-containing culture medium. The improvement of matrix secretion ability is obviously better than that of serum-containing culture medium.