83 results about "High insulin" patented technology

The invention provides a hypoglycemic peptide which is prepared by taking bovine whey protein as a raw material and is stable in gastrointestinal digestion and absorption. In an in-vitro cell experiment, the peptide fragment can improve the uptake of insulin-resistant HepG2 hepatocytes and synthesize glycogen by using glucose, can promote intestinal endocrine cells NCI-H716 to secrete GLP-1, has a certain synergistic effect, and can further play the effects of promoting GLP-1 secretion and activating a GLP-1 receptor through combined use. An insulin resistance mouse model is constructed by utilizing high-fat diet, and the peptide fragment is adopted for intervention, so that the hypoglycemic peptide is further proved to have obvious effects on losing weight, reducing lipid accumulation and assisting in reducing blood fat, and meanwhile, the hypoglycemic peptide can be used for improving insulin resistance related symptoms. The milk peptide provided by the invention has gastrointestinal digestion stability and hypoglycemic activity, can be used as a functional milk base material for developing food, medicines or health care products with the effect of regulating blood sugar, and is wide in application prospect.

The invention relates to an application of an Sdccag3 gene in preparation of a weight-reducing medicine for regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. The Sdccag3 gene is used as an action target to be applied to preparation or screening of the weight-reducing medicine for regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, and the nucleotide sequence of the Sdccag3 gene is as shown in SEQ ID No. 1. According to the application disclosed by the invention, the specific overexpressed Sdccag3 in adipose tissues in a mouse body can obviously inhibit the increase of the blood fat level, and the overexpressed Sdccag3 can also obviously improve the poor glucose tolerance, improve the insulin sensitivity, reduce the levels of serum triglyceride, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of an obese mouse, improve the poor glucose tolerance and improve the insulin sensitivity. The insulin sensitivity is improved, obesity-related glycolipid metabolism is effectively regulated and controlled, the effect of reducing blood lipid and blood sugar is achieved, and the compound can be used for preparing weight-losing drugs for reducing blood lipid and blood sugar.

The invention discloses an application of an engineered exosome rich in RHOT1 in preparation of a medicine for improving insulin resistance. The engineering exosome RHOT1-Exo rich in RHOT1 is obtained by the following steps: screening to obtain a polypeptide P15 targeting CD81, forming a recombinant protein RHOT1-P15 from the P15 and RHOT1, then constructing a recombinant plasmid for expressing the recombinant protein, transfecting cells, culturing, and extracting the exosome, thereby obtaining the engineering exosome RHOT1-Exo rich in RHOT1. The RHOT1-Exo is used for treating insulin-resistant cells, and the research shows that the RHOT1-Exo can effectively improve the ATP content of mitochondria, improve the oxidative phosphorylation level, enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity of cells and reduce ROS (reactive oxygen species), finally improve the mitochondrial network structure and improve the expression of insulin signal channel related proteins, and can be used for treating insulin-resistant cells. The obvious mitochondrial function repairing potential and the insulin resistance improving effect are shown. According to the invention, the RHOT1 protein is successfully applied to the treatment of insulin resistance in the form of exosome, and a scientific strategy is provided for the application of the medicine for clinically treating insulin resistance.

The present disclosure relates to a transplantable cell therapy product composition for diabetes mellitus that contains an aggregate of insulin-secreting cells derived from stem cells. In the present disclosure, an NF microwell array membrane was fabricated by applying a molding process to an electrospun, permeable, biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) NF membrane and thus allows gases and soluble factors to permeate therethrough. The NF microwell of the present disclosure could provide more nutrients to the iPSC aggregates than conventional impermeable PDMS microwells, thus enhancing survival and differentiation capabilities of the cells. Additionally, the NF membrane was attached singly to the subcutaneous tissue and to the surface of organs such as liver and peritoneum without the need for a fixing material or separate sutures and was integrated with surrounding tissues, resulting in higher insulin secretion than PDMS microwells. Therefore, the present disclosure can be effectively utilized as a composition for the prevention or treatment of diabetes.

The main objective of this invention is to provide a novel manufacturing method capable of efficiently and directly converting or inducing somatic cells into insulin-producing cells. As an example, a method for manufacturing insulin-producing cells is provided, which involves directly differentiating and inducing insulin production from somatic cells. This method includes a step of culturing somatic cells in a serum-free differentiation-induction medium; or a step of culturing somatic cells in a differentiation-induction medium containing 5 μg / mL or more of insulin. According to this invention, insulin-producing cells with high insulin secretion capacity can be efficiently and directly manufactured from somatic cells. The insulin-producing cells obtained by this invention are useful in regenerative medicine and the like.

This invention relates to the application of oridonin in the preparation of agents that improve muscle function, specifically by improving skeletal muscle dysfunction, enhancing insulin sensitivity, promoting myoblast differentiation into myotube cells, and / or increasing myoblast insulin sensitivity. Using an in vitro C2C12 myoblast model, this invention demonstrates that oridonin can promote myoblast differentiation and growth and increase C2C12 myoblast insulin sensitivity. Through an obesity-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction model, it is demonstrated that oridonin can improve skeletal muscle dysfunction and insulin resistance by increasing muscle strength, muscle endurance, muscle mass, and reducing muscle lipid accumulation. This invention provides new insights for drug research on improving skeletal muscle dysfunction and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and also enriches the pharmacological system of oridonin.

The present invention discloses a polyporus badius polysaccharide and its preparation method and application, belonging to the technical field of polysaccharide extraction. The polyporus badius polysaccharide (PPP-0A) includes galactose, fucose, glucose, mannose and xylose, and the molar ratios are 62.26%, 16.96%, 15.23%, 4.68% and 0.87% respectively. The present invention uses techniques such as methylation, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance and atomic force microscopy to determine the structural characteristics of PPP-0A, analyze its composition and properties, and its inhibitory effects on the activities of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. In addition, an in vitro HepG2 cell model induced by high blood glucose and high insulin levels was used to study the hypoglycemic effect of PPP-0A. The present invention provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the relationship between the hypoglycemic activity of PPP-0A and its hypoglycemic effect on type 2 diabetic mice.

The invention relates to mulberry oligosaccharide, a preparation method thereof and application of the mulberry oligosaccharide in blood sugar regulation and control. The mulberry oligosaccharide is obtained by processing mulberries through a large number of researches and specific process steps of enzymolysis, selenic acid modification, plasma treatment and the like, so that the stability of the mulberry oligosaccharide can be obviously improved, the inhibition capability on alpha-glucosidase is obviously improved, the sugar tolerance condition of diabetic mice is improved, the blood sugar level is stabilized, and the application prospect is wide. Meanwhile, the insulin sensitivity of the body can be improved, the insulin resistance degree can be improved, the absorption and utilization of insulin to glucose can be improved, the SOD activity of the body can be improved, and the MDA content can be reduced, so that the development of diabetes can be effectively slowed down. In addition, natural mulberry is used as a main preparation raw material, no harmful chemical component is added, the cost is low, the safety is good, and great social significance is achieved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of drug synthesis, and provides an EGC-based glutamate dehydrogenase degradation agent which comprises a structural general formula I, II or III. A series of conjugates of EGC and a protein degradation targeting chimera are synthesized to achieve the effect of intracellular GDH protein degradation, and GDH protein degradation can prevent degradation of a large amount of glutamic acid, so that toxicity to nerve cells caused by generation of a large amount of ammonia is prevented; and a new strategy is provided for treatment of rare diseases of the high insulin-hyperamminemia syndrome and treatment of other diseases related to high expression of GDH. In order to improve the biological activity of a GDH inhibitor, the invention provides a series of degradation agents based on a PROTAC technology, namely EGCG and EGC derivatives, the degradation agents comprise protein degradation targeting chimera molecules, and GDH protein is more effectively degraded by utilizing an intracellular ubiquitin proteasome system.

The application discloses a kind of SNX9 engineering mitochondria vesicles and its preparation method and application in improving insulin resistance.The application first constructs the vector of overexpression SNX9 gene, transfects cell, obtains stable overexpression SNX9 gene cell strain, culture, collects culture solution, obtains SNX9-MDVs by centrifugal separation;Then mtDNA is extracted from cell and introduced into SNX9-MDVs, to obtain the engineering mitochondria vesicles mtDNA-SNX9-MDVs rich in mtDNA.MtDNA-SNX9-MDVs are used for insulin resistance treatment, and the results show that mtDNA-SNX9-MDVs can effectively increase mitochondrial ATP and mtDNA content, enhance cell antioxidant enzyme activity, reduce ROS, improve mitochondrial network structure, increase the expression of insulin signal pathway related proteins, and show obvious mitochondrial function repair potential and insulin resistance improvement effect.

The method comprises the following steps: amplifying SIRT3 and SIRT4 genes from human, cloning the SIRT3 and SIRT4 genes to a plasmid vector to construct a pSIRT3-4 plasmid, and mediating the simultaneous expression of the two genes by using an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). According to the present invention, the insulin resistance (IR) model of the HepG2 cell is established by using the 35mM high glucose solution, and after the transfection of the pSIRT3-4 plasmid, the uptake of glucose is improved, the conduction of the insulin signal is recovered, the sensitivity of the HepG2 cell to the insulin is improved, the IR is improved, and the dysfunction of the mitochondria is recovered. The pSIRT3-4 plasmid is wrapped by insulin-coupled cationic liposome and is applied to an IR mouse model, and research proves that lipid accumulation in the IR mouse liver is obviously reduced, and the mitochondrial function of the IR mouse liver is obviously improved. The pSIRT3-4 plasmid constructed by the invention provides a new gene therapy means for the treatment of insulin resistance.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of dairy products, and particularly relates to the preparation and application of camel milk hypoglycemic peptides with DPP-IV inhibitory activity and GPR-40 agonist activity. A method for preparing hypoglycemic peptides from camel milk is provided. By using the method of molecular docking, endogenous camel milk peptide sequences with the ability to inhibit DPP-IV and activate GPR-40 are screened, including AGM and KPAF. It is confirmed in vitro in HepG2 hepatocytes that the endogenous camel milk peptides can improve the uptake of insulin resistance and utilize glucose to synthesize glycogen; at the in vivo level, it is confirmed that the endogenous camel milk peptides have a certain improvement effect on insulin-resistant mice, and at the same time have the effects of inhibiting serum DPP-IV and activating the expression of colon GPR-40. Therefore, the endogenous camel milk peptides of the present invention have hypoglycemic activity, can relieve insulin resistance diseases, and provide a scientific basis for the development of health foods, drugs with blood sugar-regulating effects and industrial production.

The invention relates to an application of PBX1 as an active component in preparation of type 2 diabetes mellitus drugs or medical instruments, so as to relieve symptoms of diabetes mellitus, promote repair and regeneration of damaged pancreas islets and improve functions of insulin. The symptoms comprise water intake, food intake and fasting blood glucose; the method for promoting the repair and regeneration of the damaged pancreas islet comprises the steps of inhibiting the apoptosis of pancreas islet beta cells of diabetic mice, promoting the proliferation of the beta cells and recovering the tissue structure of the damaged pancreas islet; the function of improving the pancreas islet comprises the steps of stimulating secretion of insulin, improving the level of an insulin receptor, promoting absorption of an organism to glucose and reducing serum hyperglycemia and HbA1c concentration of diabetic mice, so that the effect of treating both symptoms and root causes of diabetes is achieved.

The invention provides a method for promoting transdermal delivery of insulin and analogues, an insulin and analogue-transdermal peptide fusion protein, application of the fusion protein and an amino acid sequence for coding the insulin and analogue-transdermal peptide fusion protein. The fusion protein is constructed by insulin and analogues and transdermal peptides in a genetic engineering mode, the transdermal delivery efficiency of the insulin and analogues is remarkably improved through the transdermal peptides, and an innovative solution is provided for non-injection administration of diabetes mellitus.

Disclosed herein are methods of treating and ameliorating hyperinsulin hypoglycemia using sodium dependent glucose transporter (SGLT) 1 inhibitor compounds and compositions comprising them.

The invention discloses a preparation method of radix ophiopogonis oligosaccharide, which comprises the following steps: taking a proper amount of radix ophiopogonis medicinal material, adding water to extract twice at the material-liquid ratio of 1: (6-10) and the extraction temperature of 90-100 DEG C for 1-2 hours each time, and concentrating the filtrate to prepare extract; adding 40% ethanol for alcohol precipitation, and concentrating filtrate to prepare extract; and adding 80% ethanol for alcohol precipitation, washing the precipitate with 95% ethanol, and drying the precipitate to obtain the product. According to the method, the molecular weight can be controlled to be 1000 or below, and the activity and safety of resisting type 2 diabetes mellitus are higher. According to the present invention, the expression of the insulin receptor and the substrate thereof can be improved, the sensitization effect on the insulin is significantly better than the metformin hydrochloride and the pyrrolitazone hydrochloride, and the blank of the diabetes caused by the insulin receptor and the substrate defect in the treatment drug can be filled. The preparation process is stable and controllable, the product yield is high, and good conditions are provided for quality control and industrial application of the radix ophiopogonis oligosaccharide.

The invention discloses an application of a betaine-lactic acid deep eutectic solvent in promotion of protein intestinal absorption and an application in preparation of a protein intestinal absorption promoting agent. In the betaine-lactic acid eutectic solvent, the molar ratio of betaine to lactic acid is 1: (0.5-1.5). The invention further discloses a protein intestinal tract promoting absorbent which is composed of insulin, betaine and lactic acid, the concentration of the insulin is 2-5 mg / ml, and the molar ratio of the betaine to the lactic acid is 1: (0.5-1.5). According to the invention, model protein insulin is loaded by BL-DES, so that the intestinal absorption efficiency of insulin can be improved. The BL-DES stabilizes the insulin structure through the interaction of hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals' force and static electricity, reduces the viscosity of intestinal mucus, promotes model protein insulin bypass transport by reversibly opening epithelium tight connection, and significantly improves the transmembrane transport efficiency and oral bioavailability of protein. The research of the invention is of great significance to oral protein treatment.

The invention is applicable to the technical field of biological medicines, provides application of ophiopogon japonicus borneol glycoside in preparation of a medicine for preventing and treating gestational metabolic diseases, and aims to solve the technical problems that the conventional medicine is limited in use during pregnancy, and the curative effect and the safety are difficult to take into account. According to verification of multi-model systems such as animals, cells and human-derived trophoblast organs, it is found that ophiopogon japonicus borneol glycoside can significantly improve gestational glycometabolism disorder, improve insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin resistance, and therefore effective intervention on gestational diabetes mellitus is achieved. As a natural component derived from the Zhejiang radix ophiopogonis, the radix ophiopogonis borneol glycoside has definite pharmacological activity and excellent safety, and the Zhejiang radix ophiopogonis is listed in a national homology of medicine and food, so that reliable safety guarantee is provided for use during pregnancy.

The application discloses a mesenchymal stem cell preparation expressing FOXO3 and FGF21 and application thereof, relates to biological medicine, and a parent plasmid carrying a therapeutic gene of the mesenchymal stem cell expressing FOXO3 and FGF21 has a nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID No: 01; the application provides a mesenchymal stem cell preparation capable of simultaneously expressing FOXO3 and FGF21, which can effectively improve insulin glucose tolerance, effectively reduce the content of glycosylated hemoglobin, and has the potential to treat human type 2 diabetes.

This invention belongs to the field of biomedical technology and discloses the application of NP in the preparation of a glycemic regulator for aging type 2 diabetes. The NP is a nanoscale complex formed by hydrogen bonding of turtle egg peptide with a molecular weight less than 3 kDa and naringenin at a mass ratio of 100:1. The formulation promotes liver glycogen synthesis and repairs pancreatic tissue structure and pancreatic β-cell function by activating the hepatic IRS1 / PI3K / AKT / GSK-3β signaling pathway and upregulating GLUT2 protein expression. The NP provided by this invention can significantly reduce fasting blood glucose levels in aging type 2 diabetic mice, improve oral glucose tolerance, and reduce the area under the blood glucose curve. Simultaneously, by restoring insulin signal transduction, it significantly reduces the insulin resistance index and improves the insulin sensitivity index, with an improvement level approaching that of the classic hypoglycemic drug metformin.

The invention discloses application of pancreatic protein peptide in preparation of products for improving insulin resistance and repairing pancreatic functions, and relates to the technical field of biological medicines. The pancreatic-derived protein peptide is extracted and purified from porcine pancreatic tissue through a specific enzymolysis process, the molecular weight is concentrated at 800-2000Da, and the pancreatic-derived protein peptide contains 12 essential amino acids. Experiments prove that the protein peptide can significantly improve insulin sensitivity and promote pancreatic beta cell proliferation through oral administration or intraperitoneal injection, and has no obvious toxic or side effect. The invention provides a novel treatment means for diseases related to type 2 diabetes and pancreatic function impairment, and has a wide clinical application prospect.

The present disclosure describes a closed-loop control system based on glucose prediction, and related methods and apparatus, a control device of the closed-loop control system configured to determine a current glucose concentration, detect a training condition, retrieve stored glucose data for a first predetermined period of time in response to triggering of the training condition, and control the stored glucose data for a second predetermined period of time. Retrieving insulin delivery data in a second predetermined time period, processing the heart rate data in the first predetermined time period to obtain a heart rate statistical value, processing the body temperature data in the first predetermined time period to obtain a body temperature statistical value, and updating a prediction model based on the stored glucose data, the insulin delivery data, the heart rate statistical value and the body temperature statistical value, based on the current glucose concentration, the data related to the current glucose concentration and the updated prediction model, a glucose prediction value corresponding to the current glucose concentration is obtained, and the insulin dosage provided by the infusion device is determined based on the glucose prediction value. According to the invention, the correctness of the insulin dosage can be improved.

The present disclosure relates to compounds of general formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate and / or hydrate thereof, methods for their preparation, the use of said compounds for use as a medicament, and their use in the treatment and / or prevention of a disease or disorder, such as a metabolic disorder (e.g., hyperinsulinism, e.g., congenital hyperinsulinism). The present disclosure also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of general formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and its use as a medicament, in particular its use in the treatment of a disease or disorder, such as a metabolic disorder (e.g., hyperinsulinism, e.g., congenital hyperinsulinism).

The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and discloses a control method and system for pressure-induced microencapsulated pancreas islet to release insulin, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining insulin flow based on solute diffusion flow and solvent volume flow; acquiring an axial Peclet parameter based on the insulin flow; acquiring temperature and pressure during insulin release based on the axial Peclet parameters; and controlling a piezoelectric micro pump to release insulin based on the temperature and the pressure. The system comprises an insulin flow acquisition module, an axial Peclet parameter acquisition module, a temperature and pressure acquisition module and a pressure control module. According to the invention, through external pressurization, insulin in microencapsulation is induced to be released out of the micro-capsule, so that the time of completely releasing insulin out of the micro-capsule from the inside of the micro-capsule can be greatly shortened, the speed of releasing insulin out of the porous membrane from the inside of the porous membrane is increased, and the effect of rapidly and effectively reducing blood sugar is achieved.

The present invention belongs to the technical fields of protein and genetic engineering. Specifically, it discloses the use of erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte receptor B4 as a target in screening and preparing biological agents or drugs for increasing insulin sensitivity. It also discloses the use of erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte receptor B4 in generating an insulin-sensitized mouse model. Based on the regulation of insulin signaling, a protein, EphB4, capable of interacting with the insulin receptor (InsR), was discovered. This protein can interact with InsR, and insulin stimulation can promote the interaction between the two, which provides a basis for insulin resistance in cases of hyperinsulinemia. Overexpression of EphB4 can promote the degradation of InsR, while suppression of EphB4 can increase insulin sensitivity and improve insulin resistance.

The invention discloses a composition for treating diabetes mellitus. The composition is prepared from the following active ingredients in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of dietary fiber powder, 3-8 parts of brown algae powder, 2-5 parts of aloe vera gel powder, 2-5 parts of green coffee powder, 1-4 parts of agaricus bisporus concentrated powder, 1-3 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 1-3 parts of rhizoma polygonati powder, 1-3 parts of bitter gourd powder and 1-2 parts of fructus momordicae powder. The dietary fiber powder and the agaricus bisporus concentrated powder supplement dietary fibers and effectively delay absorption, meanwhile, plant active ingredients in the brown algae powder, the green coffee powder and the mulberry leaf powder inhibit digestive enzymes, digestion and absorption of carbon water are blocked from the source, double barriers are achieved, and blood sugar is effectively controlled; the aloe vera gel powder and the rhizoma polygonati powder improve the insulin sensitivity and improve the insulin resistance; in addition, the balsam pear powder simulates the insulin function of a human body, and the momordica grosvenori powder reduces the sugar increasing load while adjusting the taste, so that the stability of blood sugar is maintained together.

The present application belongs to the technical field of resource utilization of liquor lees, and provides a sugar-reducing polypeptide of Qing-flavor liquor lees, a preparation method and application thereof. The sequence of the sugar-reducing polypeptide of Qing-flavor liquor lees is FFGPG. The present application uses Qing-flavor liquor lees as a starting material, and prepares a lees polypeptide by using enzymatic hydrolysis technology. The lees polypeptide is further subjected to fractionation by using ultrafiltration membranes with different molecular weight cut-off, and the inhibitory activity of each component on alpha-glucosidase is determined. The component with the best inhibitory effect is subjected to mass spectrometry identification. Cell experiment research finds that the lees hydrolysis polypeptide FFGPG prepared by the method of the present application can significantly improve the glucose consumption of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Therefore, the lees polypeptide FFGPG can be used as an effective ingredient to prepare a medicine or health care product with a sugar-reducing effect, and has important application value, and lays a foundation for high-value utilization of Qing-flavor liquor lees.

The invention relates to the technical field of biology, in particular to a method for treating insulin analogues through sequential enzyme digestion so as to improve the enzyme digestion yield. The method comprises the step of carrying out specific enzyme digestion on the proinsulin analogue by using recombinant double-base amino acid endopeptidase (Kex-2 enzyme) and recombinant trypsin in sequence, and comprises the following steps: firstly, adding the Kex-2 enzyme to perform enzyme digestion on double bases between Linker-A chains to generate an intermediate peptide 1, and then adding the recombinant trypsin to cut a guide peptide and a connecting peptide to obtain a target product. According to the method, the enzyme digestion yield can be remarkably increased by 25% or above, meanwhile, miscut impurities generated by single recombinant trypsin enzyme digestion are avoided, and the method is suitable for efficient enzyme digestion in insulin analogue production.

The application belongs to the technical field of food health, and particularly relates to a rice peptide which is helpful to reducing blood sugar and application thereof. The application takes rice protein as raw material, and establishes a rice peptide preparation method through protein enzyme screening, single factor experiment and response surface method optimization of enzyme hydrolysis process. The combination of T2DM model evaluation of the blood sugar reducing activity shows that the part of the rice peptide with a molecular weight of less than 1000 Da reaches more than 90%, can effectively relieve the glucose metabolism disorder of T2DM mice, can significantly reduce the fasting blood glucose and HbA1c level of T2DM mice, wherein 500 mg / kg.bw rice peptide can reduce the blood sugar by 23.36%; can improve insulin resistance and improve the sensitivity of insulin; can relieve the pancreatic injury, repair the islet structure, and reduce the liver fatty degeneration; can significantly increase the serum GLP-1 level of T2DM mice by 7.29%, and reduce the serum DPP-IV by 8.84%.

This invention discloses the application of verbascoside in the preparation of drugs for treating obesity and related metabolic disorders, relating to the field of biopharmaceuticals. The drug upregulates the expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α, while downregulating the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, fatty acid synthase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. This application is the first systematic study of the comprehensive intervention effect of verbascoside on diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders. In an in vivo obese mouse model, it was demonstrated that verbascoside can significantly inhibit excessive weight gain induced by a high-fat diet, reduce fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin levels, improve dyslipidemia indicators including triglycerides, total cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, enhance insulin sensitivity, and alleviate macrovesicular steatosis and hepatocellular damage.