The invention relates to a hollow
silicon-based
composite material, a preparation method and a
lithium ion battery. The hollow
silicon-based
composite material disclosed by the invention comprises hollow cavities, a carbon-
silicon composite layer and a cladding
carbon layer in sequence from inside to outside, wherein the carbon-silicon composite layer comprises a secondary particle silicon layer and a deposited
carbon layer. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly bonding
silicon oxide and / or silicon on the surface of
graphite uniformly, then removing the
graphite through oxidizing heat treatment to obtain a hollow structure, then obtaining nanometer silicon through reduction by using a
reducing agent, obtaining hollow particles consisting of the hollow cavities and the secondary particle silicon layer, then carrying out in-situ cladding on the surface of the secondary particle silicon layer, and then finally carrying out cladding of the cladding
carbon layer to obtain the hollow silicon-based
composite material. The battery prepared by using the composite material as an
anode material has high cycle performance and rate capability, the first-time reversible capacity is more than 1453.2 mAh / g, the first-time
coulomb efficiency is more than 87.8%, and the hundred-time cycle capacity
retention ratio is more than 95.2%.