The invention discloses a liquid recognition and detection automatic sample injector with adjustable temperature. The sample injector is composed of a frame, a sample injection assembly, a detection assembly, a temperature-adjusting assembly and a control system; the sample injection assembly is provided with a supporting plate, a supporting frame, a water bath pool, a locating plate, a driving synchronizing wheel, a sample injection stepping motor, a synchronizing belt, a driven synchronizing wheel and the like; the water bath pool is fixed on the driven synchronizing wheel, the bottom of the water bath pool is provided with a locating gage mark, the supporting plate, the supporting frame and the locating plate are fixed in the water bath pool after being connected rigidly; the temperature-adjusting assembly is provided with a heater, a refrigerator, a refrigerating heat exchanger, a stirrer, a stirring motor, a temperature control bracket and the like; a spiral heater and the refrigerating heat exchanger are concentrically fixed below the temperature control bracket, the stirring motor is mounted above the temperature control bracket, the stirrer is fixed on the stirring motor, and a through axis of the stirrer is coincident with the central line of the heater. The automatic sample injector provided by the invention can be used for carrying out constant-temperature detectionon samples under a set constant temperature condition at different environment temperatures; the temperature is adjustable, the samples are automatically injected and the testing precision is high.