The invention discloses a method for
smelting rail steel with
vanadium-bearing hot
metal as raw materials. The method comprises the steps that firstly, deep desulphurization is carried out on the
vanadium-bearing hot
metal through a combined injection method, and thus low-
sulfur vanadium-bearing hot
metal with the sulphur content smaller than 0.008% is obtained; then, the low-
sulfur vanadium-bearing hot metal is put in a converter, a dephosphorization agent is added, blowing vanadium and carbon holding pre-dephosphorization is carried out, and thus vanadium-bearing semisteel with the P content smaller than or equal to 0.040% is obtained; a part of the vanadium-bearing semisteel is tapped in a steel
ladle,
smelting deep dephosphorization continues to be carried out on the rest part of the vanadium-bearing semisteel through converter
slag formation, and thus end point
molten steel with the P content smaller than or equal to 0.008% is obtained; and finally, tapped steel of the end point
molten steel and the vanadium-bearing semisteel are mixed, a proper amount of
deoxidization alloy and high-
alkalinity refining
slag is added, bottom
argon blowing mixing is carried out on the steel
ladle, and qualified molten rail steel is obtained. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the operation method is simple, and the production cost is low; the effective utilization and extraction of vanadium resources are guaranteed, and dephosphorization and little
slag smelting can be effectively achieved in the converter
steelmaking process; meanwhile, the energy is saved, the amount of adopted
ferrovanadium alloy and carburant is greatly lowered, and the smelting cost is lowered.