The invention proposes a fast-curing constrained structure damping coating and a preparation method thereof, which belong to the technical field of special functional materials. Chain agent, glycol, dispersant, defoamer, substrate wetting agent, adhesion promoter, first catalyst, damping pigment and filler; constraining layer is two-component solvent-free polyurethane coating, including component A: isocyanate , polyol, liquid flame retardant; B component: amino-terminated polyether, polyether polyol, flame retardant pigments and fillers, hollow microspheres, chain extender, second catalyst, antioxidant, dispersant, water remover , Color paste. The damping paint of the present invention, the curing speed of the damping layer and the constraining layer can be adjusted, and can be quickly cured in winter construction without sagging. The material can not only be applied to the vibration and noise protection in the field of ships, but also can be widely used in rail transit, automobiles, etc. , construction machinery and other fields.