The invention relates to an anti-carbon-deposition Ni-based catalyst for hydrogen production by methane steam reforming and a preparation method thereof. By taking lanthanum nitrate, praseodymium nitrate, samarium nitrate, yttrium nitrate, zirconium nitrate, zirconium carbonate, zirconium oxychloride, and the like as precursors and taking ammonia as a precipitant, a pyrochlore composite oxide is prepared through using a coprecipitation method; and then the pyrochlore composite oxide is mixed with alumina by using a mechanical mixing method so as to obtain a pyrochlore alumina composite carrier. Nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, nickel oxalate and the like serving as nickel sources are loaded on the pyrochlore alumina composite carrier through direct immersion. The loading capacity of nickel in the catalyst accounts for 5-30% of the weight of the catalyst, the pyrochlore content of the catalyst is 5-50%, and the alumina content of the catalyst is 20-90%. By taking the pyrochlore alumina composite oxide as a carrier, the reaction activity and anti-carbon-deposition performance of the catalyst can be greatly increased; the preparation method of the catalyst is simple; and the catalyst has excellent catalytic activity and stability to methane steam reforming in a stationary bed.