The invention relates to the technical field of crop rotation culture, in particular to a wheat, oilseed rape and maize crop rotation cultivation method. The method comprises the steps that wheat, oilseed rape and maize crop rotation is performed in a field, due to the oilseed rape planting water-logged compost link, the application amount of chemical synthesis fertilizer can be greatly lowered, the current situation that two cropping systems of crops are not sufficient and single cropping is abundant in a Northern loess plateau dry land planting area is changed, due to the water-logged compost link, the soil section nitrogen supply capability can be improved, the available phosphorus, available iron and manganese contents are effectively increased, and the activities of sucrose, urease, alkaline phosphatase and proteinase are improved to different extents; compared with continuous cropping, due to crop rotation is performed on green manure crops of growing after wheat, the soil microbial diversity can be remarkably improved, the stability of an agroecological system is affected, the soil carbon cycling and phosphorus mobilization are accelerated, and the effective soil nutrient content is increased; meanwhile, the soil nitrogen mineralization rate is lowered, and stability and accumulation of soil nitrogen are promoted, so that the soil fertility level is increased, and the application amount of the chemical fertilizer is decreased.