The invention discloses a high-strength composite packaging material and a preparation method thereof. The high-strength composite packaging material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 to 45 parts of chlorinated butyl rubber, 15 to 30 parts of polybutadiene, 10 to 20 parts of poly(butylene succinate), 3 to 7 parts of polycaprolactone, 14 to 20 parts of nano-carbon fibres, 3 to 6 parts of trimethylolpropane, 1 to 3 parts of silicone oil, 5 to 8 parts of nano-graphite powder, 2 to 8 parts of zinc oxide, 12 to 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 7 to 15 parts of polyvinylidene chloride, 3 to 12 parts of acrylic acid, 3 to 6 parts of magnesium hydrate, 4 to 12 parts of succinimide, 3 to 8 parts of propylene glycol monomethyl ether, 3 to 7 parts of sodium melamine phosphate, 3 to 6 parts of a wear-resistant agent, 1 to 5 parts of crospovidone and 3 to 8 parts of tetramethoxysilane. Compared with the prior art, the packaging material disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high strength, long service life, simple preparation method and the like, so that requirements on industrial production can be met better.