52 results about "Microbiological Processes" patented technology

Systems and methods for microbial processes of generating products such as electrical power, hydrogen gas and methane, are provided according to aspects of the present invention which include a reaction chamber having a wall defining an interior of the reaction chamber and an exterior of the reaction chamber; an anode at least partially contained within an anode compartment of the reaction chamber; a plurality of exoelectrogenic microorganisms disposed in the anode compartment; a cathode at least partially contained within a cathode compartment of the reaction chamber; a conductive conduit for electrons in electrical communication with the anode and the cathode; and a reverse electrodialysis stack comprising a plurality of plurality of alternating anion selective barriers and cation selective barriers disposed between the anode and the cathode defining one or more saline material compartments and one or more lower-saline material compartments.

The present invention belongs to the field of environment protection technology, and is especially process of dewatering sludge from city sewage treating microbiological process. The sludge dewatering process includes the following steps: 1. adding flyash into sludge in the amount of 0.2-0.6 g each liter of sludge, and stirring for 20-120 sec; 2. adding aluminum chloride in the amount of 4-6 wt% of dry sludge, and stirring for 20-120 sec; 3. adding polyacrylamine in the amount of 0.03-0.05 g each liter of sludge, and stirring for 20-90 sec; 4. depositing naturally for 10-600 sec; and 5. vacuum suction filtering or pressure filtering for 2-6 min. The said process can lower the water content of sludge from 99.4-99.8 % to 76.5-79.0 %, and compared with single polyacrylamine process, the present invention has higher sludge dewatering rate and low polyacrylamine consumption.

The present invention is directed to a composition for triggering microbiological processes in water, comprising: a) one or more chemoheterotropic microorganisms capable of decomposing water-immiscible substances; b) at least one source of oxygen and / or at least one oxidizing agent; c) at least one source of P and N; and d) at least one substance capable of immobilizing components a)-c).

A method and system are provided for producing biofuel from cellulosic feedstock. In the method, the cellulosic feedstock is pretreated to separate cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Thereafter, the cellulose and hemicellulose are converted into sugars through enzymatic hydrolysis. Then, the sugars are converted into lipids, e.g. triglycerides, through a microbial process. Specifically, heterotrophic microalgae is grown on the triglycerides and forms triglycerides. While triglycerides are formed from the cellulose and hemicellulose, the lignin is converted into ringed hydrocarbons, such as aromatic hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes, e.g., cycloparaffins. To form the biofuel, the triglycerides and ringed hydrocarbons are processed together. During this step, the triglycerides are converted into straight chain paraffins and esters. Preferably, the biofuel is a surrogate for jet quality JP-8 fuel.

The invention relates to microbiological processes using non-selenium-respiring bacteria for the production of elemental selenium nanospheres having a size in the 50-500 nm range and compositions comprising said nanospheres. The invention further concerns grey elemental selenium nanospheres directly obtainable by the processes of the invention. The compositions and materials of the invention are useful, in particular, as food additives and for use as raw material in the microelectronic and optical industries.

The invention relates to an artificial tooth cleaning film indicating cleanness by metachromatism, which is characterized by comprising the components by weight percent: 40-50% of sodium bicarbonate, 10-20% of potassium monopersulfate, 20-30% of sodium perborate monohydrate, 5-10% of anhydrous citric acid, 5-10% of polyethylene glycol, 1-5per mill of sodium benzoate, 1-5per mill of lauryl sodium sulfate and 1-5per mill of indicator. The artificial tooth cleaning film of the invention has the beneficial effects of effectively removing the hackneyed bacterium and other microorganisms on false teeth, indicating a process of effectively killing the bacterium and the microorganism through the metachromatism between the indicator and an oxidant, and being capable of detecting the sterilizing effects more visually and rapidly when the color of the blue substances in aqueous solution changes from blue to colourless.

A new class of polymeric additives for papermaking is disclosed as well as a process for their manufacture, a method for their use and a paper sheet containing the addition. The additives can be used in paper manufacture as agents for improving retention, paper machine operation and the strength properties of the product. The additives are manufactured from the biomass that is a by-product of microbiological production of citric acid by a fermentation process using Aspergillus Niger, suitable by-product from other microbiological process, or from a biomass specifically produced for this purpose. The biomass that contains acetyl amino groups or other amides is chemically modified by hydrolysis of the amides to form primary amino groups. Under neutral or acidic conditions these primary amines become cationic, which assures a good absorption of the additive onto fibres and fines of pulp that is generally of anionic nature. Furthermore, primary amino groups can form chemical bonds with carbonyl groups, and ionic interactions with carboxyl groups. Both these groups are abundant in the fibres and fines of pulps, especially in mechanical pulps. The additive prepared in this manner might contain glucosamine polymers that might be chemically bound to a carbohydrate polymer or oligomer. Novel papermaking additives produced in this manner are particularly suitable for the production of paper from fibrous pulp suspensions produced at least partially from mechanical pulps, the high negative charge of which tends to overwhelm a majority of conventional cationic polymers.

Aspects of the present invention provide novel multi-targeted microbiological screening and monitoring methods having substantial utility for monitoring and control of microbial growth and contaminants, microbiological processes, predictive microbiology, and for exposure and risk assessment. Microbial markers shared by both target and index microbes are used in novel methods for microbial monitoring, monitoring of microbial performance potential, trend analysis, and statistical process control (SPC) in processes or systems that are receptive to a plurality of genetically distinct microbes.

The present invention relates to methods for improving the yield of microbial processes that use lignocellulose biomass as a nutrient source. The methods comprise conditioning a composition comprisinglignocellulose biomass with an enzyme composition that comprises a phenol oxidizing enzyme. The conditioned composition can support a higher rate of growth of microorganisms in a process. In one embodiment, a laccase composition is used to condition lignocellulose biomass derived from non-woody plants, such as corn and sugar cane. The invention also encompasses methods for culturing microorganisms that are sensitive to inhibitory compounds in lignocellulose biomass. The invention further provides methods of making a product by culturing the production microorganisms in conditioned lignocellulose biomass.

A microbiological process for the preparation of amides from the corresponding nitriles by enzymatic hydrolysis with nitrile hydratase enzyme from a bacterial strain of Rhodococcus biphenylivorans species is described.

A method and apparatus are provided for conducting a microbiological process on a bulk material in which a quantity of the bulk material is loaded onto a waterproof lining forming part of a bio cell with a heat transfer arrangement below the quantity of bulk material or within its volume, or both. The moisture content of the bulk material is controlled by periodic or intermittent distribution of water into the bulk material in order to promote microbiological activity within the bulk material by means of microbes that may be either naturally occurring within the bulk material or may be selected and introduced into the bulk material according to a desired result. A leachate recovery installation collects leachate draining from the bulk material. The temperature within the bulk material is monitored and the temperature controlled in order to elevate or decrease the temperature thereof to approach a target temperature associated with enhanced microbial activity of microbes present within the bulk material. The apparatus includes a controller having an electronic micro-processor with the controller having inputs for association with a temperature detector and a moisture detector. The preferred apparatus includes solar powered thermal and electrical energy units.