54 results about "Soil sediment" patented technology

Standard test methods for determining one-dimensional consolidation properties of soils using incremental loading in accordance with ASTM D2435, or AASHTO 216, and of those of other international and organizations, do not accurately predict the values of vertical settlement, coefficients of consolidation in horizontal and vertical directions, and modulus of elasticity in vertical direction, because fixed ring used in these tests do not allow horizontal settlement and dissipation of excess pore-water pressures in horizontal direction, whereas, in field, under application of a vertical load, both horizontal and vertical settlements occur along with dissipation of excess pore-water pressures in both vertical and horizontal directions. To overcome this more than 100 year old problem, the inventor (Dr. Ramesh Chandra Gupta, Ph. D., P.E.) has invented a test device for determining three-dimensional consolidation properties of soils, using a flexible ring which permits development of horizontal and vertical displacements, and dissipation of excess pore-water pressures in both horizontal and vertical directions, along with increased lateral resistance as takes place in field at any depth in a soil deposit when vertical load at the surface is applied.

The flexible ring consists of filter fabric around the soil specimen, rubber membrane around the filter fabric, circular segmental metal plates around the membrane and elastomeric rubber bands or spring loaded jacket around the segmental plates, and allows horizontal and vertical displacements, dissipation of pore-water pressures in horizontal and vertical directions to take place with increased lateral resistance with each increment of vertical load like those in the field. Thus new test device simulates field condition to allow accurate determination of three-dimensional consolidation properties of soils (such as settlements, coefficients of consolidation in horizontal and vertical directions, and modulus of elasticity).

For this new test device, conventional incremental consolidation frame or triaxial type chamber system either with the triaxial loading system or modified to adapt to incremental consolidation frame, shall be used to perform three-dimensional consolidation tests.

Disclosed is a construction method for carrying out sea reclamation with sand in a shallow sea area through a cutter suction dredger. The cutter suction dredger comprises a cutter suction head, a suction pipe, a power system and a ship body. The cutter suction dredger adopts a mechanical reamer of the cutter suction head to ream the underwater sand soil layer through the power system, and then mechanically excavates and sucks soil through a mud pump of the power system. The sucked sand soil is conveyed to the destination through a pipeline conveying mode, and the construction method for carrying out sea reclamation with sand in a shallow sea area is realized through water separation and sand sedimentation. The construction method includes the steps that A, machines are arranged in place; B, a sand blasting guide pipe is laid; C, soil is sucked in a cutting mode and excavated; D, soil sediments to make land. The sand sedimentting on the seafloor serves as the filling materials of a sea reclamation structure. Cutting of coastal line resources is effectively reduced. The original ecologic environment of the sea is protected to the maximum extent. The work procedures of slurry excavation, conveying, discharging, processing and the like are finished at a time, so that the construction efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to a method for electrokinetic decontamination of a porous solid medium, which comprises:

• • a) extracting the contaminating species present in the solid medium in an electrolyte appearing as an essentially inorganic gel, this extraction being obtained by applying an electric current between two electrodes positioned at the surface and/or in the interior of the solid medium, the contact of at least one of these electrodes with said solid medium being ensured by a layer of said gel,
  • b) drying the gel containing the thereby extracted contaminating species until a dry residue is obtained which fractures, and
  • c) removing the thereby obtained dry residue from said solid residue.

Applications: decontamination of materials with a cement matrix, notably within the scope of dismantlement of military or industrial installations, in particular nuclear installations, or the rehabilitation of installations likely to have been contaminated by ecotoxic or radiological chemical species; clearing pollution of geological soils, sediments and sludges.

The invention provides a solidification/stabilization method for mercury-containing hazardous waste. (3-Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane is adopted to assemble by self on the surface of natural clinoptilolite to obtain thiol functional zeolite with high adsorption capacity on the mercury. The solidification/stabilization method for the mercury-containing hazardous waste is characterized in that chemical bond phosphate ceramic serves as curing agent, and the thiol functional zeolite serves as stabilizing agent. Under the condition that pH is 4-6, more than 99% of mercury in the mercury-containing hazardous waste is solidified/stabilized at the room temperature, and the mercury leaching concentration is lowered to be below the 0.1mg.L-1 standard value of the leaching mercury concentration in the Chinese national standard GB5085.3-2007. The method disclosed by the invention is simple, is low in cost and has high solidification/stabilization efficiency for the mercury-containing hazardous waste. The solidification/stabilization method for the mercury-containing hazardous waste is suitable for disposing the mercury-containing hazardous wastes, such as soil, deposit sediments and slag and also can be used for processing the mercury-containing hazardous waste, such as other industrial sources, chlorine-alkali production, electric wire equipment and switch manufacture, zinc-copper smelting and gold mine mining.

The invention relates to a pretreatment method of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in an environment solid matrix, which is characterized in that a combined technology of microwave auxiliary extraction and solid phase extraction is used for processing solid matrix PBDEs such as soil and deposits. The method comprises the following steps: 1)drying and crushing a sample; 2)performing microwave auxiliary extraction: weighing a soil deposit sample to be processed, weighing a certain amount of extraction solvent, using a microwave digestion/extraction instrument for microwave auxiliary extraction; 3)performing solid-liquid separation; 4)solid phase purification and purification by a small column: performing rotary evaporation on the extract to about 1ml, through solid phase extraction and purification by the small column; and 5)subsequent processing: performing nitrogen blowing on an eluate to a dry state, metering volume on the solvent, after membrane filtration, and using GC-NCI-MS for analysis. According to the invention, pre-treatment time of the sample is short, decomposition of unstable substances such as PBDEs can be avoided, multiple samples can be simultaneously processed, by comparing with a traditional soxhlet extraction method, organic solvent consumption is less, secondary pollution on environment can be avoided, and good extraction effect is reached.

Methods of remediating soil, sediment or water contaminated with organic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls or nitro-aromatic compounds are provided which involve combining the soil, sediment or water with a graphitic carbon and a reducing agent. The contaminants are converted to substances having an increased propensity to enter into an aqueous phase and/or undergo further degradation via biological oxidation.

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a magnetic sulfur, iron and carbon compound porous environment-friendly material and a green preparing methodand application thereof. The magnetic sulfur, iron and carbon compound porous environment-friendly material is obtained through low-temperature hydrothermal one-step reduction reaction under the effect of an iron source and a sulfur source after biomass is homogenated. The prepared magnetic sulfur, iron and carbon compound porous environment-friendly material can be applied to water pollution control, soil (deposit) improvement or polluted environment repairing.

The invention discloses a contaminated soil/sediment remediation device, which utilizes an EF-Feox as the technical base and utilizes an EF-Feox reactor as a core component. The EF-Feox reactor consists of electrodes, a stirring motor, a chemical reagent inlet, a waste water/sediment inlet, a reflux sample inlet and an outlet. The contaminated soil/sediment remediation device is simple in operation and low in cost and has fine remediation effect to contaminated soil/sediment and wide applicable prospect.

The invention discloses a sample pretreatment and quantitative analysis method for linear alkylbenzene in soil/sediment. The sample pretreatment comprises the following steps: S1, taking to-be-detected soil/sediment, wrapping the to-be-detected soil/sediment with a glass fiber filter membrane, and putting the wrapped to-be-detected soil/sediment into a sleeve of an automatic soxhlet extractor; S2,adding a dichloromethane solvent into a measuring cup of an automatic Soxhlet extractor, boiling for 60 minutes, leaching for 60 minutes, recovering the solvent for 10 minutes, finishing extraction,collecting an extracting solution, removing water, and concentrating, wherein the mass volume ratio of the to-be-detected soil/sediment to dichloromethane is 10g: 80mL; and S3, concentrating the extracting solution, exchanging a solvent, fixing the volume to 1mL, purifying the concentrated extracting solution by virtue of a chromatographic column, filling the purifying column with 3.0 g of silicagel, leaching the chromatographic column by virtue of 25mL of normal hexane, collecting leacheate, concentrating, fixing the volume to 1.0 mL, and performing subsequent quantitative analysis. The invention establishes an automatic Soxhlet extraction-silica gel purification-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry quantitative method which can be used for quantitative analysis of LABs in soil. Comparedwith the previously reported analysis method, the method is simple and easy to operate, saves the solvent, and is suitable for batch soil sample analysis in actual analysis and detection.

The invention relates to the field of an environment monitoring technology and method, and in particular to measurement method for a semi-volatile organic matter based on a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method comprises the following steps of step (1), preparation of a reagent and a material; step (2), preparation of instrument and equipment; step (3) preparation of a sample: taking asoil/sediment/waste matrix sample as a representative in an experiment, after the sample is collected, sealing and storing the sample in a clean brown ground-glass stoppered flask, keeping the samplein a dark place below 4 degrees centigrade; and step (4) analysis. By use of the method disclosed by the invention, target objects can be classified and measured, the peak interference is few, the peak pattern is better, and the detection time is shortened.

A sensor that measures microbial activity as a surrogate value for the biologically active content of soil, aquatic sediments, or groundwater. An anode, such as a graphite anode that can support a biofilm, is connected by way of a resistor to a cathode. The anode is in contact with either soil, sediment, or immersed in the groundwater of a subsurface monitoring well. The biofilm generates electrons as a consequence of chemical interactions with materials such as acetate dissolved in the soil or sediment waters or groundwater. The cathode is located in soil or water adjacent to the ground, which can be aerobic, so that a reaction that consumes electrons occurs at the cathode. The current flowing through the resistor is a measure of the biological activity at the anode, which correlates with the flux of fuel such as acetate to the anode.

The disclosure of the present application relates to methods and apparatus for removing various pollutants from soil, sediment, fine sand and clay. In the device of the present application, the contaminated material consisting of particles with a diameter of less than about 5 mm is injected from the nozzle (231) into the discharge area of ​​one or several nozzles (500). These nozzles (500) are positioned to discharge liquid or cleaning fluid at a pressure of about 2000 psi to about 20000 psi. The cleaned material is then collected and separated into liquids and solids. When cleaned with the device, the solids can be returned to their original location without the risk of contaminating surrounding areas and without the disposal costs of disposing of contaminated soil.

The invention discloses a DGT fixing membrane for methylmercury and metal mercury ions in sediment, and a preparation method thereof, a DGT apparatus and an eluent, wherein the fixing membrane is formed by carrying out film forming and gelation on the mixed liquid of polyacrylamide, zirconium hydroxide hydrate and an isothiourea functionalized macroporous cross-linked polystyrene resin. Accordingto the present invention, with the fixing membrane, the mercury metal in the wetland soil sediment can be efficiently and quickly adsorbed and eluted so as to determine the mercury content.

The invention discloses a method for quantitatively analyzing the content of free ion in a soil sediment sample. The method includes: dissolving and extracting the free ion from the soil sediment sample; preparing an ionic imprinting material; preparing a nonionic imprinting material; performing solid-phase extraction and analytical tests. The method has the advantages that the ionic imprinting high-polymer material is used to perform solid-phase extraction on free ion extract to eliminate the interference of a large amount of sodium ions, the method is small in error and high in accuracy, the solid-phase extraction technology can enrich, separate and purify the sample to eliminate the interference, and a new approach is provided for the accurate testing of the free iron.

A small laneway slagging-off and loading machine is used for small laneway mining and engineering construction and is composed of a vehicle chassis, an excavation feeding mechanism, a conveying discharging mechanism, an electrical control system, a hydraulic system and a control mechanism of the hydraulic system. A driver seat is fixed to the vehicle chassis and located in the middle, in the left-and-right direction, of the vehicle chassis. The conveying discharging mechanism is mounted on the vehicle chassis and is arranged at the hollow position, in the left-and-right direction, of the vehicle chassis and on the lower portion of the driver seat. A gear pump and a motor are mounted in a heat radiator, the heat radiator is fixed to the middle position, in the left-and-right direction, of the vehicle chassis and on the rear portion of the driver seat, and an oil tank and the electrical control system are adjacent to the rear portion of the heat radiator. According to the small laneway slagging-off and loading machine, through electric, hydraulic and mechanical transmission, continuous excavation, slagging-off, conveying and loading can be achieved. The structure is compact and reasonable, movement is flexible, work is safe and reliable, potential safety hazards can be eliminated, the labor intensity of operation personnel can be effectively relieved, and the construction efficiency can be improved. The small laneway slagging-off and loading machine is suitable for clearing away soil and soil sediments in small-and-medium-size section mine or engineering pipeline construction.

The rapid consolidation and compaction method comprises (i) first driving a hollow pipe, (ii) driving a pipe with a removable end plate after filling and compacting the sandy material in it, through the hollow pipe, to required depth, creating high excess pore-water pressures in the range of 50 to 300 KPa in clayey soils, (iv) pulling out the pipe section leaving behind the removable end plate and thereby installing porous displacement piles which allows dissipation of the excess pore-water pressures horizontally to the porous displacement pile, in which the excess water flows out vertically to the ground surface, and (v) the length of the drainage path is reduced to half the spacing between adjoining porous displacement piles, allowing rapid consolidation resulting in increase in density. Installing the porous displacement piles in the layer of loose to medium dense sand layer results in the instantaneous increase in its density.

The invention discloses a mechanical blast hole plugging device. A graded material distribution bin is arranged on a platform of a motor vehicle chassis; a discharge opening in the lower end of the graded material distribution bin is connected with a feed opening of a first spiral conveyor through a flange; a vane of the first spiral conveyor is connected with the output end of a speed reducer through a rotating bearing; and the input end of the speed reducer is connected with an output shaft of a motor. A discharging opening of the first spiral conveyor penetrates through the platform of the motor vehicle chassis, and is connected with a feed opening of a second spiral conveyor through a rotating shaft. According to the mechanical blast hole plugging device, graded distributed materials are produced by directly crushing soil sediments at a site blasting stripping portion on the mechanical plugging device; and open blasting adopts a mechanical plugging mode, so that the labor intensity is effectively lowered, the production efficiency is improved, and the source problem of plugging materials is fundamentally solved. The plugging materials adopt graded distributed materials with relatively high density, so that the plugging quality is improved, the utilization rate of blast holes is improved, and the drilling cost is reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of cultural relic detection, discloses a method for sequentially extracting strontium isotopes for silk cultural relics, and aims at a silk sample to explore the distribution rule of the strontium isotopes in each phase state in the silk sample by adopting a method for sequentially extracting water, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid. The method has the creativity that multi-step sequential extraction is carried out, the strontium isotope ratio is measured through thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), interference of other impurities is eliminated, isotope information of the silk fabric sample is accurately obtained, and the method is an efficient enrichment method for detecting the strontium content in the silk cultural relics. Meanwhile, the sequential extraction technology has the advantages of being easy to operate, high in applicability, rich in contained information and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of element distribution, migration research and the like of soil, sediment, solid waste and the like.