55 results about "Soil sediment" patented technology

Standard test methods for determining one-dimensional consolidation properties of soils using incremental loading in accordance with ASTM D2435, or AASHTO 216, and of those of other international and organizations, do not accurately predict the values of vertical settlement, coefficients of consolidation in horizontal and vertical directions, and modulus of elasticity in vertical direction, because fixed ring used in these tests do not allow horizontal settlement and dissipation of excess pore-water pressures in horizontal direction, whereas, in field, under application of a vertical load, both horizontal and vertical settlements occur along with dissipation of excess pore-water pressures in both vertical and horizontal directions. To overcome this more than 100 year old problem, the inventor (Dr. Ramesh Chandra Gupta, Ph. D., P.E.) has invented a test device for determining three-dimensional consolidation properties of soils, using a flexible ring which permits development of horizontal and vertical displacements, and dissipation of excess pore-water pressures in both horizontal and vertical directions, along with increased lateral resistance as takes place in field at any depth in a soil deposit when vertical load at the surface is applied.The flexible ring consists of filter fabric around the soil specimen, rubber membrane around the filter fabric, circular segmental metal plates around the membrane and elastomeric rubber bands or spring loaded jacket around the segmental plates, and allows horizontal and vertical displacements, dissipation of pore-water pressures in horizontal and vertical directions to take place with increased lateral resistance with each increment of vertical load like those in the field. Thus new test device simulates field condition to allow accurate determination of three-dimensional consolidation properties of soils (such as settlements, coefficients of consolidation in horizontal and vertical directions, and modulus of elasticity).For this new test device, conventional incremental consolidation frame or triaxial type chamber system either with the triaxial loading system or modified to adapt to incremental consolidation frame, shall be used to perform three-dimensional consolidation tests.

Subsurface exploration using In-Situ tests such as SPT, CPT, CPTu, DMT, and PMT predicts inaccurately engineering properties of soils and intermediate geomaterials and thereby predicts incorrect load-settlement relationship of piles; variations or errors in engineering properties predicted by one empirical correlation to another correlation could be up to 50% or greater. For soft to very soft soils, engineering properties cannot be predicted as the SPT only provides information such as WOR and WOH. To overcome this problem, the invention of the application consists of performing subsurface exploration using load tests on short model piles with or without instrumentation at various depths of a soil deposit for determining accurately the above-mentioned properties. For very soft soils, a hung balance is used to hang drill rods and short model pile from a drill rig boom or from a platform with soil anchors to prevent its overturning, and then perform the load test.

Disclosed is a construction method for carrying out sea reclamation with sand in a shallow sea area through a cutter suction dredger. The cutter suction dredger comprises a cutter suction head, a suction pipe, a power system and a ship body. The cutter suction dredger adopts a mechanical reamer of the cutter suction head to ream the underwater sand soil layer through the power system, and then mechanically excavates and sucks soil through a mud pump of the power system. The sucked sand soil is conveyed to the destination through a pipeline conveying mode, and the construction method for carrying out sea reclamation with sand in a shallow sea area is realized through water separation and sand sedimentation. The construction method includes the steps that A, machines are arranged in place; B, a sand blasting guide pipe is laid; C, soil is sucked in a cutting mode and excavated; D, soil sediments to make land. The sand sedimentting on the seafloor serves as the filling materials of a sea reclamation structure. Cutting of coastal line resources is effectively reduced. The original ecologic environment of the sea is protected to the maximum extent. The work procedures of slurry excavation, conveying, discharging, processing and the like are finished at a time, so that the construction efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to a large-scale waste gasification treatment and energy recycling system which comprises a water vapor low-temperature pyrolysis system, an entrained flow gasification system, a waste heat recovery system, a fuel gas purifying system and a fuel gas generating system. In the system disclosed by the invention, waste is transformed into an odorless and aseptic substance containing a small amount of inherent moisture by a low-temperature water vapor cracking reaction kettle; then the substance enters an entrained flow gasification furnace to be pyrolyzed and gasified into combustible gas; the combustible gas is purified by the fuel gas purifying system and is sent into a fuel gas generator to generate electricity; after gasification, slags and soil sediments separated from raw refuse are sent to brick making equipment to produce building materials; and wastewater generated in the process of purifying fuel gas enters a wastewater pond to be further treated. Due to the adoption of the system disclosed by the invention, the waste can be effectively treated, so that the waste treatment is developed towards the large-scale recycling and comprehensive utilization direction from the single treatment technology and the regeneration utilization of recyclable energy is furthest realized.

The invention discloses a method for determining an N-DAMO (nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation) rate, belongs to the field of environmental research, and discloses a method for determining an N-DAMO rate of soil, sediments or activated sludge by using an isotope tracer technique. The method disclosed by the invention comprises a sample mixing and subpackaging device, an anaerobic environment creation device and an anaerobic environment creation method, a method for pretreating samples before being determined, and a sample determining and calculating method. Under the conditions of high-purity helium protection, samples are uniformly mixed and subpackaged, and then an anaerobic environment is created by using a high-purity helium to blow the sample mixture. After residual NO2<->, NO3<-> and O2 in a reaction system are consumed by pre-culturing, an electron acceptor and a labeled substrate <13>C-CH4 are added into a reactant, and by measuring the contents of <45>CO2 generated by reacting at different time nodes, an N-DAMO rate is calculated. According to the method, equipment is simple and the operation is easy, and a strict anaerobic environment can be created without being operated in an anaerobic tank. An N-DAMO rate is calculated by labeling a reaction substrate by using an isotope and determining a labeled product, and the calculation of the N-DAMO rate is not affected by other physical and chemical changes.

The invention relates to a method for electrokinetic decontamination of a porous solid medium, which comprises:a) extracting the contaminating species present in the solid medium in an electrolyte appearing as an essentially inorganic gel, this extraction being obtained by applying an electric current between two electrodes positioned at the surface and / or in the interior of the solid medium, the contact of at least one of these electrodes with said solid medium being ensured by a layer of said gel,b) drying the gel containing the thereby extracted contaminating species until a dry residue is obtained which fractures, andc) removing the thereby obtained dry residue from said solid residue.Applications: decontamination of materials with a cement matrix, notably within the scope of dismantlement of military or industrial installations, in particular nuclear installations, or the rehabilitation of installations likely to have been contaminated by ecotoxic or radiological chemical species; clearing pollution of geological soils, sediments and sludges.

The invention provides a solidification / stabilization method for mercury-containing hazardous waste. (3-Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane is adopted to assemble by self on the surface of natural clinoptilolite to obtain thiol functional zeolite with high adsorption capacity on the mercury. The solidification / stabilization method for the mercury-containing hazardous waste is characterized in that chemical bond phosphate ceramic serves as curing agent, and the thiol functional zeolite serves as stabilizing agent. Under the condition that pH is 4-6, more than 99% of mercury in the mercury-containing hazardous waste is solidified / stabilized at the room temperature, and the mercury leaching concentration is lowered to be below the 0.1mg.L-1 standard value of the leaching mercury concentration in the Chinese national standard GB5085.3-2007. The method disclosed by the invention is simple, is low in cost and has high solidification / stabilization efficiency for the mercury-containing hazardous waste. The solidification / stabilization method for the mercury-containing hazardous waste is suitable for disposing the mercury-containing hazardous wastes, such as soil, deposit sediments and slag and also can be used for processing the mercury-containing hazardous waste, such as other industrial sources, chlorine-alkali production, electric wire equipment and switch manufacture, zinc-copper smelting and gold mine mining.

The invention relates to a pretreatment method of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in an environment solid matrix, which is characterized in that a combined technology of microwave auxiliary extraction and solid phase extraction is used for processing solid matrix PBDEs such as soil and deposits. The method comprises the following steps: 1)drying and crushing a sample; 2)performing microwave auxiliary extraction: weighing a soil deposit sample to be processed, weighing a certain amount of extraction solvent, using a microwave digestion / extraction instrument for microwave auxiliary extraction; 3)performing solid-liquid separation; 4)solid phase purification and purification by a small column: performing rotary evaporation on the extract to about 1ml, through solid phase extraction and purification by the small column; and 5)subsequent processing: performing nitrogen blowing on an eluate to a dry state, metering volume on the solvent, after membrane filtration, and using GC-NCI-MS for analysis. According to the invention, pre-treatment time of the sample is short, decomposition of unstable substances such as PBDEs can be avoided, multiple samples can be simultaneously processed, by comparing with a traditional soxhlet extraction method, organic solvent consumption is less, secondary pollution on environment can be avoided, and good extraction effect is reached.

Methods of remediating soil, sediment or water contaminated with organic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls or nitro-aromatic compounds are provided which involve combining the soil, sediment or water with a graphitic carbon and a reducing agent. The contaminants are converted to substances having an increased propensity to enter into an aqueous phase and / or undergo further degradation via biological oxidation.

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a magnetic sulfur, iron and carbon compound porous environment-friendly material and a green preparing methodand application thereof. The magnetic sulfur, iron and carbon compound porous environment-friendly material is obtained through low-temperature hydrothermal one-step reduction reaction under the effect of an iron source and a sulfur source after biomass is homogenated. The prepared magnetic sulfur, iron and carbon compound porous environment-friendly material can be applied to water pollution control, soil (deposit) improvement or polluted environment repairing.

The invention discloses a contaminated soil / sediment remediation device, which utilizes an EF-Feox as the technical base and utilizes an EF-Feox reactor as a core component. The EF-Feox reactor consists of electrodes, a stirring motor, a chemical reagent inlet, a waste water / sediment inlet, a reflux sample inlet and an outlet. The contaminated soil / sediment remediation device is simple in operation and low in cost and has fine remediation effect to contaminated soil / sediment and wide applicable prospect.

The invention discloses a sample pretreatment and quantitative analysis method for linear alkylbenzene in soil / sediment. The sample pretreatment comprises the following steps: S1, taking to-be-detected soil / sediment, wrapping the to-be-detected soil / sediment with a glass fiber filter membrane, and putting the wrapped to-be-detected soil / sediment into a sleeve of an automatic soxhlet extractor; S2,adding a dichloromethane solvent into a measuring cup of an automatic Soxhlet extractor, boiling for 60 minutes, leaching for 60 minutes, recovering the solvent for 10 minutes, finishing extraction,collecting an extracting solution, removing water, and concentrating, wherein the mass volume ratio of the to-be-detected soil / sediment to dichloromethane is 10g: 80mL; and S3, concentrating the extracting solution, exchanging a solvent, fixing the volume to 1mL, purifying the concentrated extracting solution by virtue of a chromatographic column, filling the purifying column with 3.0 g of silicagel, leaching the chromatographic column by virtue of 25mL of normal hexane, collecting leacheate, concentrating, fixing the volume to 1.0 mL, and performing subsequent quantitative analysis. The invention establishes an automatic Soxhlet extraction-silica gel purification-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry quantitative method which can be used for quantitative analysis of LABs in soil. Comparedwith the previously reported analysis method, the method is simple and easy to operate, saves the solvent, and is suitable for batch soil sample analysis in actual analysis and detection.

A method of soil liquefaction testing and remediation and devices for accomplishing the method are described. After determining that a soil deposit on a site is potentially subject to liquefaction, the soil deposit is subjected to mechanically produced shear strain reversals. Excess pore pressure generations are monitored at multiple depths and at multiple locations at the site, during application of the mechanically produced shear strain reversals, to determine liquefaction susceptibility of the soil deposit. Multiple ground improvements are positioned on the site mitigate liquefaction in those soils that are determined to be susceptible to liquefaction.

The invention relates to a method and system for the environmental remediation of materials that are contaminated with heavy minerals, such as heavy metals. The invention finds utility in removing heavy minerals from materials such as soils, sediments, mine tailings and ores. The invention provides a means for removing heavy minerals from contaminated materials without the use of water while reducing the generation of dust. Thus, the invention provides an environmentally friendly method for the remediation of sites that are contaminated with heavy minerals.

The invention discloses a method for reinforcing sand retaining impoundment of a soil check dam or a sediment storage dam in a collapse gully mouth. The soil check dam or the soil sediment storage dam is built at the downstream of the collapse gully mouth; the dam address is selected in a place with milder trench and large silt ground area; then, bamboo plants are planted in an area between the bottom of a collapse gully to the check dam or the sediment storage dam at the downstream of the collapse gully mouth; and grass plants are planted among bamboos. After the bamboo planting treatment is performed, the contents of such nutrients as organic matters and nitrogen phosphorus in collapse gully bed and alluvial (flood) fan soil are prominently increased, so that the soil is improved, and the plant growth conditions are improved. The bamboos form a forest for continuous use, and are selectively cut for building, traffic, furniture, papermaking, artistic knitting and the like to achieve a certain economic benefit.

The invention relates to the field of an environment monitoring technology and method, and in particular to measurement method for a semi-volatile organic matter based on a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method comprises the following steps of step (1), preparation of a reagent and a material; step (2), preparation of instrument and equipment; step (3) preparation of a sample: taking asoil / sediment / waste matrix sample as a representative in an experiment, after the sample is collected, sealing and storing the sample in a clean brown ground-glass stoppered flask, keeping the samplein a dark place below 4 degrees centigrade; and step (4) analysis. By use of the method disclosed by the invention, target objects can be classified and measured, the peak interference is few, the peak pattern is better, and the detection time is shortened.

A sensor that measures microbial activity as a surrogate value for the biologically active content of soil, aquatic sediments, or groundwater. An anode, such as a graphite anode that can support a biofilm, is connected by way of a resistor to a cathode. The anode is in contact with either soil, sediment, or immersed in the groundwater of a subsurface monitoring well. The biofilm generates electrons as a consequence of chemical interactions with materials such as acetate dissolved in the soil or sediment waters or groundwater. The cathode is located in soil or water adjacent to the ground, which can be aerobic, so that a reaction that consumes electrons occurs at the cathode. The current flowing through the resistor is a measure of the biological activity at the anode, which correlates with the flux of fuel such as acetate to the anode.

The invention discloses an environment-friendly energy-saving chip water-scrubbing process, comprising the following procedures: 1, a chip water-scrubbing procedure in a rinsing machine; 2, a dehydration procedure of water and chips in a screw dehydrator; 3, a slag-water separation procedure performed on water, silt, fine suspended matters and the like discharged from the screw dehydrator, which includes three steps of: (1) separating out the suspended matters and coarse soil sediments; (2) precipitating the silt; and (3) filtering the water; and 4, a procedure of feeding the filtered water back to the rinsing machine. The invention also discloses an environment-friendly energy-saving chip water-scrubbing production line apparatus comprising the rinsing machine, the screw dehydrator, a revolving grate, a rotary liquid tank and a fine filter, all of which are orderly communicated with each other, wherein the water outlet of the fine filter is communicated with the water inlet of the rinsing machine through a circulating water tank provided with a water pump. The process and the apparatus of the invention, compared with the traditional process and the traditional apparatus, are lower in production cost, and further meet the water scrubbing requirements for the chips and greatly reduce drainage of sewage, thereby reducing pollution on the environment.

The invention relates to the technical field of extraction devices, in particular to a soil sediment sampler comprising a fixed joint, a sampling tube and a vibration assembly. The sampling tube is installed at one end of the fixed joint. The vibration assembly is installed at the fixed joint and transmits vibration to the sampling tube by the fixed joint, so that the sampling tube moves in the soil sediment. The sampler has advantages of simple operation, low workload and long service life.

A reagent set includes an oxidant, acid, and adsorbent, which is used in a method for reducing the leachability and release of PFAS, mercury, and other contaminants from soils, sediments, and other solid materials or waste when treated materials are exposed to acid rain, snow melt, runoff, landfill leachate, etc. The reagents are mixed with a quantity of contaminated material and water is added as needed in order to reduce the leachability of the contaminants from the treated host material, where the admixture end-product suitably removes contaminants from fluids that contact and / or otherwise permeate and / or pass through and / or around the treated admixture. The reagent set and method of use offer environmental professionals long-term, economically viable waste management solutions for removing contaminants from contamination source areas, spill and manufacturing release sites, impacted media, and landfills, as well as from the fluids that contact reagent-treated material.

The disclosure of this application relates to a method and apparatus for removing a variety of contaminants from soil, sediment, fine sand and clay. The disclosure describes an apparatus in which contaminated material that is comprised of particles having a size less than about 5 mm in diameter are injected from a nozzle (231) into a zone of discharge from one or a number of nozzles (500). These nozzles (500) are positioned to discharge liquid or cleaning fluid at a pressure from about 2000 psi to about 20,000 psi. The cleaned material is then collected and separated into liquid and solid phases. The solids, when cleaned by the use of this apparatus, can then be returned to the site without danger of contamination of the surrounding area and no disposal costs are incurred for disposition of contaminated soil.

A process of extracting halogenated organic compounds, and particularly PCBs, from soil, sediment, slurry, sludge and dehalogenating the compounds contacts a contaminated soil sample with an extraction medium of a mixture of an alkane and a water miscible alcohol. The organic compounds dissolve in the extraction medium which is separated from the soil by passing water upwardly through the soil. The extraction medium floats to the surface of the water and is separated. Thereafter, the extraction medium containing the halogenated organic contaminants is subjected to ionizing radiation to radiolytically dehalogenate the compounds.

The invention discloses a DGT fixing membrane for methylmercury and metal mercury ions in sediment, and a preparation method thereof, a DGT apparatus and an eluent, wherein the fixing membrane is formed by carrying out film forming and gelation on the mixed liquid of polyacrylamide, zirconium hydroxide hydrate and an isothiourea functionalized macroporous cross-linked polystyrene resin. Accordingto the present invention, with the fixing membrane, the mercury metal in the wetland soil sediment can be efficiently and quickly adsorbed and eluted so as to determine the mercury content.

The invention discloses a method for quantitatively analyzing the content of free ion in a soil sediment sample. The method includes: dissolving and extracting the free ion from the soil sediment sample; preparing an ionic imprinting material; preparing a nonionic imprinting material; performing solid-phase extraction and analytical tests. The method has the advantages that the ionic imprinting high-polymer material is used to perform solid-phase extraction on free ion extract to eliminate the interference of a large amount of sodium ions, the method is small in error and high in accuracy, the solid-phase extraction technology can enrich, separate and purify the sample to eliminate the interference, and a new approach is provided for the accurate testing of the free iron.

A small laneway slagging-off and loading machine is used for small laneway mining and engineering construction and is composed of a vehicle chassis, an excavation feeding mechanism, a conveying discharging mechanism, an electrical control system, a hydraulic system and a control mechanism of the hydraulic system. A driver seat is fixed to the vehicle chassis and located in the middle, in the left-and-right direction, of the vehicle chassis. The conveying discharging mechanism is mounted on the vehicle chassis and is arranged at the hollow position, in the left-and-right direction, of the vehicle chassis and on the lower portion of the driver seat. A gear pump and a motor are mounted in a heat radiator, the heat radiator is fixed to the middle position, in the left-and-right direction, of the vehicle chassis and on the rear portion of the driver seat, and an oil tank and the electrical control system are adjacent to the rear portion of the heat radiator. According to the small laneway slagging-off and loading machine, through electric, hydraulic and mechanical transmission, continuous excavation, slagging-off, conveying and loading can be achieved. The structure is compact and reasonable, movement is flexible, work is safe and reliable, potential safety hazards can be eliminated, the labor intensity of operation personnel can be effectively relieved, and the construction efficiency can be improved. The small laneway slagging-off and loading machine is suitable for clearing away soil and soil sediments in small-and-medium-size section mine or engineering pipeline construction.

The rapid consolidation and compaction method comprises (i) first driving a hollow pipe, (ii) driving a pipe with a removable end plate after filling and compacting the sandy material in it, through the hollow pipe, to required depth, creating high excess pore-water pressures in the range of 50 to 300 KPa in clayey soils, (iv) pulling out the pipe section leaving behind the removable end plate and thereby installing porous displacement piles which allows dissipation of the excess pore-water pressures horizontally to the porous displacement pile, in which the excess water flows out vertically to the ground surface, and (v) the length of the drainage path is reduced to half the spacing between adjoining porous displacement piles, allowing rapid consolidation resulting in increase in density. Installing the porous displacement piles in the layer of loose to medium dense sand layer results in the instantaneous increase in its density.

The invention discloses a mechanical blast hole plugging device. A graded material distribution bin is arranged on a platform of a motor vehicle chassis; a discharge opening in the lower end of the graded material distribution bin is connected with a feed opening of a first spiral conveyor through a flange; a vane of the first spiral conveyor is connected with the output end of a speed reducer through a rotating bearing; and the input end of the speed reducer is connected with an output shaft of a motor. A discharging opening of the first spiral conveyor penetrates through the platform of the motor vehicle chassis, and is connected with a feed opening of a second spiral conveyor through a rotating shaft. According to the mechanical blast hole plugging device, graded distributed materials are produced by directly crushing soil sediments at a site blasting stripping portion on the mechanical plugging device; and open blasting adopts a mechanical plugging mode, so that the labor intensity is effectively lowered, the production efficiency is improved, and the source problem of plugging materials is fundamentally solved. The plugging materials adopt graded distributed materials with relatively high density, so that the plugging quality is improved, the utilization rate of blast holes is improved, and the drilling cost is reduced.