The invention relates to a modified carbon material and a preparation method thereof, cathode lead paste, a polar plate and a lead carbon battery. The preparation method comprises the steps of 1 crushing biologic material, wherein the biologic material is one or more of starch, lignin, corn cores, rice hull, ears, trees, shells, coconut shells, leaves and straw; 2, processing the crushed biologic material by inorganic strong acid and/or inorganic strong base solution, filtering and thereby obtaining a precursor; 3, placing the precursor into aqueous solution comprising high hydrogen evolution overpotential metal salt, dispersing by supersonic vibration and stirring for a period, filter, cleaning and thereby obtaining the modified precursor; and 4, processing the modified precursor to obtain the modified carbon material. According to the preparation method, the modified carbon material with uniform distribution and good combinability is prepared, the hydrogen evolution overpotential of the carbon material is improved, the high-power charging and discharging performance of the lead carbon battery is enhanced, and the life of the battery is prolonged.