The object of the invention is to provide a loaded type iron-nickel phosphide catalyst material, a preparation method therefor and an application of the loaded type iron-nickel phosphide catalyst material. The loaded type iron-nickel phosphide catalyst material is characterized in that a catalyst active component is a multicomponent alloy compound which is formed through mutually doping elements, i.e., Fe, Ni and P, a catalyst carrier is a composite oxide carrier which is prepared from TiO2 and a second kind component, the second kind component is one or more of SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, CeO2 and La2O3, the weight percent of TiO2 accounts for 5.0wt% to 95wt% the weight of the composite carrier, the loaded amount of the catalyst active component Fe is 0.5wt% to 80wt%, the loaded amount of the metal active component Ni is 0.05wt% to 30wt%, and the loaded amount of the nonmetal adjuvant P is 0.5wt% to 15wt%. The catalyst has very good reaction activity, stability and selectivity, can be applied to a reaction for preparing aromatic compounds through catalyzing the degradation of biomass oil and can also be applied to a hydrodeoxygenation reaction for compounds containing aromatic hydrocarbon C-O bonds or alkyl C-O bonds.