The invention discloses a positioning and cutting device for bridge construction. The positioning and cutting device structurally comprises a cutting machine device, a handle, a fixing plate, a base foot rest, a control box, a control box door, a hinge, a lock, operation keys, a fixing frame, a display screen, an upper cover, an upper cover connecting plate and an object placing rod, wherein the rear end of the handle is fixedly connected with the front end of the upper cover through screws, the rear end of the handle is vertically connected with the front end of the upper cover, and the frontend of the upper cover connecting plate is connected with the rear end of the upper cover through the hinge; the bottom of the upper cover connecting plate is welded with the top of a cutting machinedevice, and the rear end of the fixing plate is fixedly connected with the front end of the cutting machine device through a willow nail; and the left end of the upper cover connecting plate is welded with the right side of the lower end of the object placing rod. According to the positioning and cutting device for the bridge construction, the cutting machine device is structurally arranged, andthe cutting machine device and the dust removal and cutting integrated machine are integrated; and a large amount of dust generated during cutting is reduced, then the respiratory disease of user is reduced, so that the cutting is more stable, and the cutting of a plurality of cutter heads improves the working efficiency.