The invention discloses an embolism microsphere capable of being secondarily expanded. The invention relates to a water-based adhesive which is prepared from vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylic acid, sodium acrylate, methacrylic acid, sodium methacrylate, acrylamide, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid sodium salt, allylamine, allylamine hydrochloride, dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and water. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out cross-linking polymerization on one or more monomers in methyl acryloyl ethyl sulphobetaine to obtain a microsphere, carrying out primary expansion on the microsphere in pure water at 20 DEG C for 1-2 hours until the diameter is 2-3 times that of the microsphere in a dry state, taking out the microsphere, putting the microsphere in a PBS (Phosphate Buffer Solution) with a pH value of 7.4 at 37 DEG C for 48-72 hours, and carrying out secondary expansion, so that the diameter of the microsphere expanded again is increased by 10-30% compared with that of the microsphere expanded for the first time, and the diameter of the microsphere expanded again is increased by 10-30% compared with that of the microsphere expanded for the first time. According to the present invention, the suppository can primarily swell in water or a drug solution, can swell again in the blood vessel environment at the body temperature after being conveyed to the embolism position in the blood vessel, has characteristics of slow swelling speed, limited swelling rate, safety and controllability, can fully fit the shape of the blood vessel, can strengthen the embolism effect, and can easily achieve permanent embolism;