The invention provides novel materials for
chromatography and
chromatography columns. The invention provides a monofunctional
silane or a mixture of two or three monofunctional
silanes chemically bonded to a substrate, at least one monofunctional
silane having at least one
unsaturated hydrocarbon group, R′, covalently attached to the substrate, containing the
silane structure is of form: Where R′ is independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkynyl, and phenyl, R″ is selected from the group consisting of
alkyl, substitute
alkyl, alkenyl, substitute alkenyl, alkynyl, and
aryl, substitute
aryl, R is selected from the group consisting of
alkyl, substitute alkyl, alkenyl, substitute alkenyl, alkynyl, and
aryl, substitute aryl, alkylamine,
amide,
ether,
alcohol,
carbamate, ester, an
anion exchanger, and a cation exchange. Methods for manufacture and design of the columns are also provided and disclosed.