160 results about "Slow reactions" patented technology

A method for lignocellulose conversion to sugar with improvements in yield and rate of sugar production has been developed by using ionic liquid pretreatment. This new pretreatment strategy substantially improves the efficiency (in terms of yield and reaction rates) of saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. Cellulose and hemicellulose, when hydrolyzed into their sugars, can be converted into ethanol fuel through well established fermentation technologies. These sugars also form the feedstocks for production of variety of chemicals and polymers. The complex structure of biomass requires proper pretreatment to enable efficient saccharification of cellulose and hemicellulose components to their constituent sugars. Current pretreatment approaches suffer from slow reaction rates of cellulose hydrolysis (by using the enzyme cellulase) and low yields.

Methods of assessing driver behavior include monitoring vehicle systems and driver monitoring systems to accommodate for a driver's slow reaction time, attention lapse and/or alertness. When it is determined that a driver is drowsy, for example, the response system may modify the operation of one or more vehicle systems. The systems that may be modified include: visual devices, audio devices, tactile devices, antilock brake systems, automatic brake prefill systems, brake assist systems, auto cruise control systems, electronic stability control systems, collision warning systems, lane keep assist systems, blind spot indicator systems, electronic pretensioning systems and climate control systems.

A preferred embodiment of the inventive fluid delivery system comprises a vertical liquid/vapor separator and riser assembly that comprises a multi-phase separator inlet, a vapor outlet and riser, and a liquid outlet port connected to a hydraulically-driven centrifugal pump. By controlling the operational speed of the pump, the level of the separated liquid within the separator can be controlled without the need for control valves. The vertical separator is capable of low pressure operation and large variations in controlled liquid levels within the separator, allowing the relatively slow reaction time pump to control the liquid level from low pressure wells penetrating low pressure reservoirs.

The invention relates to a composite decarbonization solution for reclaiming the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas, wherein the component and the mass percent of the composite are that: 20-60 percent of composite amines solution, wherein one or more fast reaction rate amines with a low concentration and one or more slow reaction rate amines with a high concentration are comprised; 5-10 percent of Polyxinolum; 1-5 percent of antioxidant; 1-5 percent of inhibitor; and the rest is water. The invention has the advantage of a large absorbing capability to CO2, a high degree of purification, a light causticity, a little consume of the solution and a lower recycling energy consumption. High concentration CO2 for gas injection oil-recovery can be obtained.

The invention discloses a method and a system for code management based on distributed collaborative development environment. The method includes cloning a public version base from a remote server to a local place to generate a local version base, locally conducting code updating on the local version base, judging whether current public version base is updated or not compared with the cloning one, combining updated content of the current public version base relative to the cloning one into the local version base subjected to code updating to obtain a newest version base and combining the newest local version base into the current public version base on yes judgment, and combining the local version base subjected code updating into the current public version base on no judgment. The method and the system can overcome the shortcomings of slow reaction, poor real time performance and partial unrealizable function caused by severe burden on the server caused by complex check-in check-out operation of codes under the current distributed collaborative development environment.

The invention relates to a liquid double reagent diagnostic reagent kit for determining the content of potassium ions in serum and blood plasma. By using the reaction principle that phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) can be catalyzed by K+dependency pyruvate kinase (PK) to be converted into pyruvic acid and taking lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as indicator enzyme by means of NADH, the reagent kit detects the reduction amount of the NADH at 340 nm and obtains the result that the change of the absorbance every minute (delta/min) is directly proportional to the content of K+, thereby establishing an enzyme coupling method for continuously determining the potassium ions. In addition, enzyme and a primer system required by slowly generating reduction type nicotinoyl coenzyme are added in a system andan enzyme-primer-coenzyme slow reaction system is formed in a reagent, so that the coenzyme can be slowly and circularly supplemented and the reagent can be stabilized when the concentration reaches a certain balance. The liquid double reagent diagnostic reagent kit is convenient and concise to use, carries out rapid detection on a common ultraviolet/visible light analyzer or a semiautomatic/fully-automatic chemical analyzer, needs no special or extra instrument and has low cost.

An improved acidization solution is provided which comprises water and one or more esters or polyesters of hydroxy acid or of glycerol. The solution may include, for example, ethyl lactate and pure water or a brine. The hydrolysis of the esters or polyesters occurs at a slower reaction rate than that of several other known acidization esters, such as diethyleneglycol diformate, at temperatures higher than 60° C. or even higher than 100° C. Thus, the acidization solution may be distributed substantially throughout a region in a well where acidization is required before hydrolysis is completed, despite being exposed to relatively high temperatures. The hydrolysis may result in the slow release of an acid that is capable of consuming all or most of an undesirable substance in the well, e.g., a filter cake.

An improved acidization method is provided in which an aqueous solution comprising one or more esters or polyesters of lactic acid or of glycerol is placed in a well where the esters or polyesters undergo hydrolysis. The hydrolysis of the esters or polyesters occurs at a slower reaction rate than that of several other known acidization esters, such as diethyleneglycol diformate, at temperatures higher than 60° C. or even higher than 100° C. Thus, the solution may be distributed substantially throughout a region in the well where acidization is required before hydrolysis is completed, despite being exposed to relatively high temperatures. The hydrolysis may result in the slow release of an acid that is capable of consuming all or most of an undesirable substance in the well, e.g., a filter cake.

A hydrophilic chain extender of sulfonic acid type which pertains to chemical product, and preparation thereof. The invention mainly aims to solve the problems of slow reaction rate of hydrophilic chain extender used in aqueous polyurethanel industry, low content of aqueous resin, low heat resistance, low adhesion strength when applying to adhesive. The eligible product is obtained by fully dissolving multi-amine such as 0.5-1.5 parts of ethylenediamine into solvent, reacting with olefin sulfonate such as 5-9 parts of vinyl sodium sulfonate solution with about 25% of water for 4-30 hours at the temperature of 40-100 DEG C., vacuum distilling to remove solvent, dissolving with water, alcohol or ketone, vacuum distilling to remove all solvent for another time after deposition and filter. Stability treatment for storage is further carried out by adding water. The final product is slightly turbid vicous liquid in light yellow color and oil state, with density at 1.16-1.21 g/ml, pH at 11-12, content of ammonia at 6.9+-0.9g NH3/100g, effective content 40-55%. The invention can widely used into production of aqueous polyurethane of different fields, which has a fast reaction rate, high yield, highly enhanced content of solid in prepared aqueous resin, and obviously improved resistance of heat, acid, alkali, hard water, and is greatly beneficial for preparation of adhesive.

The invention provides a novel process for preparing p-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI) based on phosgene, which relates to a process for preparing chemical raw materials, in particular to a novel process for preparing the p-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI). The process comprises the following steps: 1, hydrochloric acid formation reaction; 2, salifying reaction; and 3, photochemical reaction which is to transfer a mixture solution of para-phenylene diamine dihydrochloride-o-dichlorohenzene to a photochemical kettle, control the temperature, introduce the phosgene in an infinite reflux state to react, determine that the reaction is terminated after reaction materials are settled, introduce quantitative nitrogen to remove acid, sample and analyze the reactant, and obtain the p-phenylene diisocyanate PPDI through rectifying, crystallizing, centrifugating, drying, packaging or refining, slicing and packaging when the acidity content is qualified. In the process, a reasonable salifying reactioncondition is customized to avoid slow reaction of a prepolymer, complicated reaction mechanism, and easy generation of side products and adverse factors influencing the reaction in the next step.

The invention belongs to the field of water supply treatment and disinfection, and particularly relates to a device and a method for online measurement of dynamic chlorine demand of conditioning water. The technical scheme disclosed by the invention is that the existing four-way stay spectrometer is improved, and an online control unit is added to form an online stay spectrum device. The method comprises the following steps: accurately measuring the concentration of residual effective chlorine of the chlorine and the conditioning water after a period of time of reaction by the online stay spectrum device on line; dividing reaction of the chlorine and the conditioning water into rapid reaction and slow reaction by linear regression fitting of a logarithmic value and reaction time of the residual effective chlorine; building a calculation formula of short-term chlorine demand on the conditioning water at the rapid reaction stage and long-term chlorine demand on the conditioning water at the slow reaction stage; and calculating the dynamic chlorine demand of the conditioning water according to the demand on a residual chlorine value at the tail end of a pipe network and the stay time, thus the pre-stage control of the fed chlorine can be achieved; the economical efficiency and the security of the fed chlorine are achieved, and water supply security is effectively guaranteed.

A reagent for detecting the activity of adenosine deaminase and its isozymes in body fluid specimen by enzyme method is prepared from the oxidation-type micotinamide coenzyme or its analog, and substrate to generate the slow-reaction enzyme-substrate-DNA (or NADP) system.

The invention provides a film laminating machine to overcome the disadvantages of no mechanism for rapidly replacing reels, low operating efficiency, poor precision, slow reaction, and high labor intensity in hand-operated alignment of the film laminating machine in the prior color coating production line. The film laminating provided by the invention comprises an uncoiler (1), a loop (2), and a stitching machine (3), wherein the uncoiler is fixed on the pedestal of the loop (2), and the stitching machine (3) is arranged in the production line. The film laminating machine with the above structure can rapidly replace reels, continuously work, automatically align, automatically flatten, and possesses temperature adjusting function, substantially enhances the work efficiency, and saves the production cost.

AKD(alkyl ketene dimer) neutral sizing agents are applied home and abroad widely at present. Due to the fact that AKD is free of charge and not easy to attach on paper fibers, AKD prepared by the conventional process is required to be emulsified by cationic starch generally so as to carry positive charge to attach on fibers with negative charge. Due to low charge density of cationic starch, the conventional process utilizing the cationic starch as an emulsifier and stabilizer has the disadvantages of low attachment rate on fibers, slow reaction with fibers, long sizing and curing time and the like. The invention provides a high-charge-density polymer/AKD(alkyl ketene dimer) instant-curing neutral sizing agent preparation process. The composite neutral sizing agent prepared by the process has the advantages of high charge density, high sizing degree, no curing period, no sizing delay, emulsion stability and the like.

The invention discloses in-situ adsorption-microelectrolysis-catalytic oxidation sewage treatment equipment and method, belonging to the technical field of sewage treatment in environment engineering. The in-situ adsorption-microelectrolysis-catalytic oxidation sewage treatment equipment is characterized in that adsorption equipment, electrolysis equipment and catalytic oxidation equipment are integrated so as to gather enable pollutants to be gathered from a low-concentration water phase onto an adsorbent; by using the favorable electric conductivity, the adsorbent is used as a complexly polarized three-dimensional electrode to form countless micro electrolytic baths, so that the organic pollutants are electrolyzed while organic matters are adsorbed, and adsorption active sites are continuously regenerated; and by utilizing an electric insulation material, the three-dimensional electrode is complexly polarized and has a high-class oxidation catalyst function at the same time, so that a gas oxidant dissolved in water and an oxidant generated by side reaction of the electrode form a high-class oxidant to efficiently remove the organic pollutants. According to the equipment and the method, the problems of slow reaction speed, low space-time efficiency, low current efficiency and low pollutant degradation efficiency in the conventional electrolytic reactors are solved, and an excellent market prospect is provided.

The invention discloses a preparation method of rosin modified phenolic printing ink resin, which uses a one-step synthetic process. The method comprises the following steps that reactants such as rosin, phenols and formaldehyde react to generate phenolic resin, and then the phenolic resin is reacted with polyhydric alcohols under the condition of high temperature so as to obtain the rosin modified phenolic printing ink resin. By the method, the problems of slow reaction and long reaction time of the rosin and the polyhydric alcohols in the prior art are solved. Through the addition of an esterification reaction catalyst, the esterification reaction time is shortened, the production efficiency is increased, the energy consumption and the cost are reduced, and the economic benefit is increased.

The invention relates to a preparation method of beta-diketone; Claisen condensation reaction is adopted; the chemical general expression of the beta-diketone is R1COCH2COR2, wherein, R1 is C6-C12 alkyl, and R2 is phenyl or alkylphenyl; the method comprises the following steps: ester, phenyl ketone and partial solvent are pre-mixed for spare; a condensating agent and remaining solvent are added in a reactor, and the temperature is raised under nitrogen atmosphere; during the period when the temperature of the reactor is raised to the needed temperature of the condensation reaction, the pre-mixed material is dropwise added in the reactor for carrying out the condensation reaction with a system which is composed of the condensating agent and the remaining solvent under an infinite reflux condition; after the pre-mixed material is dropwise added, heat-preserving condensation reaction is carried out continuously under the infinite reflux condition. The ester and the condensating agent in the raw material are contacted when the reacting condition is achieved, and acylation reaction is slow reaction, relative to the Claisen condensation reaction, thus being capable of better solving the acidylation problem of the ester, and reducing the effect of the acylation reaction to the minimum; the yield of the beta-diketone is more than or equal to 90 percent.

The invention provides a static cracking agent expansion pressure and temperature testing integrated device. The static cracking agent expansion pressure and temperature testing integrated device comprises supporting legs, a base, a hydraulic jack, a left stand column, a right stand column, a top seat, a guide rod, an upper fixing plate, an upper sealing piston, a pressure cell, a supporting limiting nut, a cylinder barrel and a pressure gauge; exhaust passages communicated with the interior of the cylinder barrel are arranged in the upper sealing piston and the upper fixing plate, sealing bolts are arranged at the outer ports of the exhaust passages, a mounting hole is formed in the side part of the cylinder barrel in a radial direction, and a thermometer is arranged in the mounting hole.The invention further discloses a testing method of the static cracking agent expansion pressure and temperature testing integrated device. The device can achieve the purpose of testing the expansionpressure and temperature in the hydration process of static cracking agents with different properties, is easy to carry, high in testing efficiency and testing speed and low in testing cost, can be used repeatedly, can be applied to different environments, and is suitable for testing the expansion pressure and temperature of the static cracking agents in different fast and common slow reactions.

The invention discloses a polysilicate aluminum-titanium and chitosan composite flocculant. The polysilicate aluminum-titanium and chitosan composite flocculant is characterized by comprising an environment-friendly chitosan solution and a polysilicate aluminum-titanium solution, so that the environment-friendly and high-efficiency effects are realized. The polysilicate aluminum-titanium and chitosan composite flocculant is prepared by the following steps of (1) acidifying sodium silicate by sulfuric acid with certain concentration, stirring by water bath, aging, and the like, so as to prepare polysilicate; (2) preparing an aluminum salt solution, a titanium salt solution and a chitosan acetate solution; (3) blending with the polysilicate according to certain ratio, so as to prepare polysilicate aluminum-titanium salt; (4) adding the chitosan acetate solution, and aging, so as to obtain polysilicate aluminum-titanium and chitosan; (5) drying, and crushing. The polysilicate aluminum-titanium and chitosan composite flocculant provided by the invention has the advantages that by comprising the natural organic matter of chitosan and the polysilicate aluminum-titanium solution, the preparation method is simple, the property is stable, the problems of large usage amount of inorganic flocculant, poor bridging action, slower reaction speed of organic flocculant and high agent cost are solved, and the application prospect is broad.