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This invention discloses a room-temperature self-healing electromagnetic shielding hydrogel composite material and its preparation method, belonging to the field of composite material technology. The composite material uses polyvinyl alcohol containing aryl indole groups and conductive materials as raw materials, and ferric chloride and borax as crosslinking agents. Based on the steric hindrance effect introduced by the large-volume groups and the multiple dynamic bonds constructed in the system, this invention enables the composite material to exhibit highly efficient self-healing ability, high mechanical strength, and excellent electromagnetic interference shielding performance at room temperature. Through repeated wetting and drying treatments, the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the hydrogel can be reversibly switched between on / off states, making it suitable for applications in flexible electronics and intelligent shielding, thus solving the problem that traditional hydrogel materials struggle to simultaneously achieve self-healing performance, mechanical strength, and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness.