The invention relates to a nanocomposite and a nanocomposite furnace tube. The nanocomposite is used for solving the problems of high-temperature corrosion, wear resistance, sticking pollution and slag formation resistance and low heat transfer efficiency of the furnace tube. According to the technical scheme, the designed nanocomposite prepared from different proportions of a binder, borax, silicon dioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, silicon phosphate, titanium oxide, silicon nitride and silicon carbide is sprayed on the common furnace tube, and the common furnace tube is fired by heating to 500 DEG C so as to form the composite furnace tube. The nanocomposite and the nanocomposite furnace tube have the advantages that a construction process is simple and easy to operate, the combination degree of the nanocomposite and the furnace tube is high, the nanocomposite furnace tube has strong thermal shock resistance and high temperature corrosion resistance and is free of pollution and slag formation and high in emissivity, and energy sources are saved. The nanocomposite can be widely applied to the furnace tubes of bath boilers heated by fire coal, fuel oil, gas and biomass, small and medium-sized industrial boilers, petroleum and petrochemical boilers, power station boilers and heating furnaces.