The application relates to a high-temperature test deformation amount testing device and testing method, which comprises a displacement sensor, a clamping experiment mechanism, a fixing mechanism and two testing tables, the displacement sensor comprises a measuring rod, the clamping experiment mechanism comprises a first clamp and a second clamp, the first clamp and the second clamp clamp two ends of a sample along a deformation testing direction respectively, the fixing mechanism is fixed on the first clamp, the testing tables are provided with testing working surfaces, the two testing tables are fixed on the sample, the testing working surfaces of the two testing tables are parallel and have a distance in the deformation testing direction of the sample, the displacement sensor comprises a measuring rod for contacting a measured object, the two displacement sensors are fixed on the fixing mechanism, the measuring rods of the two displacement sensors extend into a high-temperature furnace from outside the high-temperature furnace and contact the testing working surfaces of the two testing tables respectively, and the measuring rods are parallel to the deformation testing direction of the sample.