The invention relates to an anchovy-acete chinensis on-board mechanical processing process and on-board arrangement. The anchovy-acete chinensis on-board mechanical processing process comprises the following working procedures: raw material receiving, spray preservation, air bubble washing, boiling with salt, combined drying, quick cooling, impurity removal, separation, packaging and warehousing. The on-board arrangement scheme of the process is that a spray preservation pool, a lifter, an S-shaped washing machine, an S-shaped boiling machine, a dehumidifier, a belt type dryer, a belt type cooler, an impurity removing separator and a packaging conveyor, which are parallel to the central axis of a ship body, are arranged in turn from the stem to the bow or in an opposite direction. The machines are connected end to end. Network chain conveying belts are arranged at intervals between the machines, or air blowing and sucking devices are arranged on the network chain conveying belts. The process can complete on-board movement and instant processing, thereby assuring the freshness of the raw material and the product of products, increasing the added value of low-value economic fishes, and reducing transport cost and storage loss. The on-board arrangement has the advantages of compact structure, small floor area, short conveying flow, smooth working procedures and high working efficiency.