68 results about "Photon density" patented technology

A reactor for processing a substrate includes a first housing defining a processing chamber and supporting a light source and a second housing rotatably supported in the first housing and adapted to rotatably support the substrate in the processing chamber. A heater for heating the substrate is supported by the first housing and is enclosed in the second housing. The reactor further includes at least one gas injector for injecting at least one gas into the processing chamber onto a discrete area of the substrate and a photon density sensor extending into the first housing for measuring the temperature of the substrate. The photon density sensor is adapted to move between a first position wherein the photon density sensor is directed to the light source and a second position wherein the photon density sensor is positioned for directing toward the substrate. Preferably, the communication cables comprise optical communication cables, for example sapphire or quartz communication cables. A method of processing a semiconductor substrate includes supporting the substrate in a sealed processing chamber. The substrate is rotated and heated in the processing chamber in which at least one reactant gas is injected. A photon density sensor for measuring the temperature of the substrate is positioned in the processing chamber and is first directed to a light, which is provided in the chamber for measuring the incident photon density from the light and then repositioned to direct the photon density sensor to the substrate to measure the reflection of the light off the substrate. The incident photon density is compared to the reflected light to calculate the substrate temperature.

The invention provides a class of samples that model the human body. This family of samples is based upon emulsions of oil in water with lecithin acting as the emulsifier. These solutions that have varying particle sizes may be spiked with basis set components (albumin, urea and glucose) to simulate skin tissues further. The family of samples is such that other organic compounds such as collagen, elastin, globulin and bilirubin may be added, as can salts such as Na+, K+ and Cl-. Layers of varying thickness with known index of refraction and particle size distributions may be generated using simple crosslinking reagents, such as collagen (gelatin). The resulting samples are flexible in each analyte's concentration and match the skin layers of the body in terms of the samples reduced scattering and absorption coefficients, mums and muma. This family of samples is provided for use in the medical field where lasers and spectroscopy based analyzers are used in treatment of the body. In particular, knowledge may be gained on net analyte signal, photon depth of penetration, photon radial diffusion, photon interaction between tissue layers, photon density (all as a function of frequency) and on instrument parameter specifications such as resolution and required dynamic range (A/D bits required). In particular, applications to delineate such parameters have been developed for the application of noninvasive glucose determination in the near-IR region from 700 to 2500 nm with an emphasis on the region 1000 to 2500 nm (10,000 to 4,000 cm-1).

Optical changes of tissue during wound healing measured by Near Infrared and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy are shown to correlate with histologic changes. Near Infrared absorption coefficient correlated with blood vessel in-growth over time, while Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) data correlated with collagen concentration. Changes of optical properties of wound tissue at greater depths are also quantified by Diffuse Photon Density Wave (DPDW) methodology at near infrared wavelengths. The diffusion equation for semi-infinite media is used to calculate the absorption and scattering coefficients based on measurements of phase and amplitude with a frequency domain or time domain device. An increase in the absorption and scattering coefficients and a decrease in blood saturation of the wounds compared to the non wounded sites was observed. The changes correlated with the healing stage of the wound. The methodologies used to collect information regarding the healing state of a wound may be used to clinically assess the efficacy of wound healing agents in a patient (e.g., a diabetic) and as a non-invasive method

A method for measuring a physiological parameter of blood in a patient is presented. The method includes emitting light from a modulated light source into tissue of the patient to generate a photon density wave in the tissue, detecting the photon density wave during pulsatile perturbation of the tissue, and processing an amplitude and phase of the photon density wave over the pulsatile perturbation to determine a value of the physiological parameter.

The invention belongs to an auto-fluorescence molecule image system which comprises a camera bellows, a CCD camera lens control module, an image processing module, an interactive analysis module and a database module. A system factor corrected by an integrating sphere can be converted into a photon density in an interesting area by the system through a pixel value. The system can work after a temperature value of the CCD camera is set and locked. Firstly, the light source in the camera bellows is opened to shoot an outline of a target object, then the light source is closed to capture a fluorescence signal which projects the outline of the detected object, and the signal is superposed with the outline image. User can choose the interesting area by using a selecting tool so as to acquire a photon density value for performing scientific research. The system of the invention can provide a database function for the user to conveniently manage the data and preview the images. The system of the invention has the advantages of reasonable structure, obvious function, convenient operation, low cost, wide application in the field of researching the small animals in non-invasive biologic experiment.

This invention provides a continuous process of making continuous nanofibers of all kinds, such as SiC, BN, AlN, and C. Laser heating a vapor of feed-material made of all atomic elements needed to grow chosen nanofibers results in growth of nanofibers onto seed-nanostructures attached to a filament, which is then pulled up continuously at a rate controlled by a rate of growth of the nanofibers. More feed-material is supplied at a rate sufficient to enable the nanofibers to grow longer continuously without limit. Laser light focused into a doughnut shape provides a photon density gradient, which constrains the nanofibers to grow parallel to each other and in the form of cylinders, so that industrially useful structures like cables and cylinders can be made in one low cost operation and in large quantities.

An optical receiver includes a photonic integrator configured to accumulate optical signal energy corresponding to the input optical signal during an integration period, and to produce an output optical signal at an end of the integration period, the output optical signal having a higher intensity than the input optical signal, a shutter operable between a closed position and an open position, the shutter configured to prevent the output optical signal from exiting the photonic integrator when in the closed position and to allow the output optical signal to exit the photonic integrator when in the open position, a synchronizer coupled to the shutter and configured to control the shutter between the open position and the closed position; and a photodetector configured to receive the output optical signal when the shutter is in the open position and to produce an electrical signal corresponding to the output optical signal.

The invention discloses an adaptive optical correcting device and method based on a sodium layer structured beacon, belonging to the adaptive optical technology research field, and is used for detecting and correcting wavefront distortion caused by atmospheric turbulence. The adaptive optical correcting device comprises a structured sodium laser beam array generating device, a ground telescope system, a wavefront distortion extraction device, and a wavefront distortion correcting device. The correcting device and method do not exist focusing anisoplanatism effects, do not require a separate aperture mode with a hartmann sensor as a representative to detect a wavefront, receive backward diffusion photons in a full aperture mode, thereby have low requirements for backward diffusion photon density, and are especially suitable for a large field of view. The invention provides a brand new wavefront distortion extraction method for the large aperture foundation telescope adaptive optical technology.

The invention relates to a measuring arrangement for an optical spectrometer, in particular a photon density wave spectrometer, having a measuring chamber, which can be loaded with a sample to be measured, and a coupling-in/coupling-out device which is configured to receive excitation light from a light source and couple it into the sample to be measured in the measuring chamber and to receive measuring light formed in the sample to be measured on account of the excitation light which has been coupled in and to emit said measuring light to a detection device, wherein the coupling-in/coupling-out device has an optical switching device and a plurality of light guide elements which couple to the latter, have a respective optical waveguide and can be connected according to at least one selectable measuring configuration using the optical switching device in order to couple in the excitation light and receive the measuring light according to the at least one selectable measuring configuration, and wherein outputs of the plurality of light guide elements are positioned according to a spiral arrangement in the viewing direction of the outputs.

The invention adopts the femtosecond laser two-photon induced photo knife effect and the high photon density induced optical tweezers gradient force function for carrying out a micro-nano manipulation, which is applicable to the study of the injury, regeneration and repair of various biological cells. The invention consists of a laser generation system, an external optical path system, a high precision imaging system and a software control system. The laser generation system includes two parallel branches, one branch consists of a lock mould knob and a femtosecond laser sequentially, and the other branch consists of a digital delay/pulse signal generator and a regeneration amplifier sequentially. The external optical path system consists of a dual-branch optical path, a semi-transparent semi-reflection mirror, an optical gate and a beam expander sequentially. The dual-branch optical path includes two parts: one part consists of a movable convex lens, a fixed convex lens, a rotatable total reflection mirror and an attenuation mirror sequentially, and the other part is an attenuation mirror. The device can realize the whole process of nano-injury and regeneration study of the nerve cells and can adopt the femtosecond optical tweezers to realize the choice of the super-sophisticated target position during an axon regeneration process.

A kink-free semiconductor optical device stabilizing laser oscillation and producing a high optical performance. The semiconductor optical device includes a beam waveguide extending in a longitudinal direction between a pair of end surfaces. The beam waveguide includes an active layer having a quantum well structure with at least one well layer and two barrier layers, and a pair of cladding layers sandwiching the active layer. The active layer has first and second regions in the longitudinal direction, the photon density in the first region being larger than in the second region. The first region has a differential gain greater than the second region so that variation of refractive index across the beam waveguide is reduced.

The invention relates to a single-photon laser height measurement data denoising method and device based on density statistics. The method comprises the following steps: 1) obtaining single-photon laser altimetry data; 2) performing data preprocessing; 3) carrying out photon density calculation by using an ellipse search area whose direction and size change adaptively with the gradient; and 4) adaptively calculating segmented threshold separation signal photons and noise photons by adopting an OTSU method, and removing discrete noise points by adopting a K nearest neighbor distance. Compared with the prior art, the method is not influenced by non-uniform background noise photons, and is high in adaptability, the direction of the search ellipse can be changed adaptively along with the slope, the size can be changed, signal photons and noise photons of each segment are separated by using the segmentation threshold, and a small number of discrete noise points left after rough denoising are further removed; and the method is complete in signal extraction, high in denoising precision and high in efficiency.

The invention relates to a single-photon counting imaging system and a single-photon counting imaging method. The system comprises a optical filter, a first lens, a digital micro-mirror device (DMD) control system, a second lens, a single-photon counter and a data processing unit, where the DMD together with the first lens and the second lens are used for converting two-dimensional image data into a one-dimensional sequence to complete sampling of measured signals; the ultra-weak light is filtered by the optical filter, after which the ultra-weak light image onto the DMD through the first lens, and the DMD control system controls the probability of the photons reflected to the second lens and the second lens controls the focusing of the photons; and the data processing unit together with the single-photon counter to complete sparse reconstruction, and the data processing unit converts the number of photons counted by the single-photon counter within a certain period of time into the probability of detected photon counts, as the measured value, and a photon density image is reconstructed by adopting an optimization algorithm based on the measurement matrix on the DMD and the measured value, thereby solving out the two-dimensional image.

The invention discloses a solar battery synergy membrane which is characterized by consisting of a transparent membrane structure, on the surface of which focus lenticule structures are distributed; the parallel sunlight can be focused on the photosensitive area of the surface of the solar battery by the array of lenticules, therefore, the photon density on the surface of the photosensitive area is increased, which is equivalent to the reduction of the area of the photosensitive area to the same output power, thus effectively improving conversion efficiency and reducing production costs; and with the flexion reflection and refraction of the array of lenticules, the light reflected by the surface of the solar battery can be reflected to the photosensitive area, thus improving the utilization rate of the light. No obvious temperature change takes place on the solar battery, and therefore the fill factors and service life of the solar battery are not reduced.

The invention discloses a semiconductor optical amplifier, and especially relates to a GaAs-based semiconductor optical amplifier having a parabola-shaped curved-surface waveguide structure. Material of the semiconductor optical amplifier is a GaAs-based material system. An N-type AlxGa1-xAs buffer layer, an N-type AlGaAsSb lower limit layer, an N-type N-AlxGa1-xAs lower waveguide layer, an InxGa1-xAs quantum well active region, a P-type AlxGa1-xAs upper waveguide layer and a P-type AlGaAsSb upper limit layer are epitaxially prepared on an N-type GaAs substrate in sequence. The upper waveguide layer of the semiconductor optical amplifier is in the parabola-shaped curved-surface structure; such structure can enable a parabola-shaped curved-surface tip to have higher photon density, thereby improving mode volume of the semiconductor optical amplifier and enabling the semiconductor optical amplifier to have higher gain; and meanwhile, the parabola-shaped curved-surface waveguide structure facilitates compressing divergence angle of the semiconductor optical amplifier, thereby realizing high-power output and improving fiber coupling efficiency. The parabola-shaped curved-surface structure of the upper waveguide layer of the semiconductor optical amplifier is prepared through electron beam lithography or ultra-violet lithography, and then, through a dry method and wet method combined etching process.

A method for measuring shallow sea water depth based on satellite-borne single-photon laser radar data comprises the following steps: firstly, analyzing photon signal and noise elevation characteristics of a satellite-borne single-photon laser radar in a shallow sea area in different environments, and constructing an initial filtering model of a photon point cloud; analyzing the spatial density distribution of the photon point clouds in different environments based on the initial filtering result, constructing a water surface and underwater photon point cloud separation model, and realizing the extraction of water surface effective photon signals and sea wave profiles; according to the spatial density distribution characteristics of underwater photon point clouds in different environments at different water depths, a self-adaptive photon density filtering model changing along with the water depth and a water depth extraction method are constructed, and the water depth measurement capability and precision of the satellite-borne single-photon laser radar are analyzed; finally, based on the relation between the water depth detection result of the satellite-borne single-photon laser radar and the remote sensing reflectivity spectrum, active-passive fusion high-precision regionalized shallow sea water depth inversion is carried out through satellite-borne multi-source remote sensing data, and domestic and overseas high-precision shallow sea water depth data extraction is achieved.

A method for treating a condition in a tissue, includes the steps: (1) providing a PS within the tissue; (2) irradiating the tissue containing the PS with a first light of a first wavelength; and (3) irradiating the tissue containing the PS with a second light of a second wavelength so as to treat the condition in the tissue, wherein: (a) the PS absorbs light at the first wavelength and the second wavelength; and (b) the second light is more strongly absorbed by the tissue than the first light or vice versa, so as to achieve a predetermined absorbed photon density gradient. An apparatus for conducting the method includes first and second light sources, a power supply, a focusing device, and a controller which adjusts light emission such that I(d)=I(λ1 at d=0)×exp (μ_eff (λ1)×d)+I(λ2 at d=0)×exp (μ_eff(λ2)χd).

The invention provides a manufacturing method of a contact layer, a semiconductor laser and a manufacturing method of the semiconductor laser, and the manufacturing method of the contact layer comprises the following steps: firstly, forming a non-doped semiconductor layer on an epitaxial layer of the semiconductor laser, and then doping the non-doped semiconductor layer. The contact layer manufactured by adopting the manufacturing method comprises a doped region and a non-doped region, the current cannot be injected into the non-doped region; only the doped region can be injected with current;the area of injected current in the doped region is gradually increased along the length direction of the cavity; therefore, influence of uneven distribution of carrier density and gain along the direction from a reflection enhanced film to an antireflection film due to uneven distribution of photon density in the resonant cavity is counteracted, carriers are evenly distributed in the cavity length direction, and the output power and performance stability of the semiconductor laser are improved. An electrode of the semiconductor laser is directly manufactured on the contact layer, no dielectric film is arranged between the electrode and the contact layer, and the electrode and the contact layer are firmly adhered and are not easy to fall off.

A method for electrical and optical bistable switching, including the following steps: providing a semiconductor device that includes a semiconductor base region of a first conductivity type between semiconductor collector and emitter regions of a second conductivity type, providing a quantum size region in the base region, and providing base, collector and emitter terminals respectively coupled with the base, collector, and emitter regions; providing input electrical signals with respect to the base, collector, and emitter terminals to obtain an electrical output signal and light emission from the base region; providing an optical resonant cavity that encloses at least a portion of the base region and the light emission therefrom, an optical output signal being obtained from a portion of the light in the optical resonant cavity; and modifying the input electrical signals to switch back and forth between a first state wherein the photon density in the cavity is below a predetermined threshold and the optical output is incoherent, and a second state wherein the photon density in the cavity is above the predetermined threshold and the optical output is coherent, said switching from the first to the second state being implemented by modifying the input electrical signals to reduce optical absorption by collector intra-cavity photon-assisted tunneling, and the switching from the second to the first state being implemented by modifying the input electrical signals to increase photon absorption by collector intra-cavity photon-assisted tunneling.