The invention discloses a device for evaluating a catalyst during preparation of oxalate through three-channel automatic CO gas phase oxidative coupling and a method for evaluating a catalyst by using the device. The device comprises a gas control pipeline system (1), a fixed bed reaction system (2), a four-way valve system (3), a multi-ported valve system (4), a dual-channel gas chromatography system (5) and a product absorbing tank (6), wherein the gas control pipeline system (1) comprises one path of inert gas purging pipeline, one path of carbon monoxide gas pipeline, one path of nitrite ester gas pipeline and one path of nitrogen and argon mixed gas pipeline, the carbon monoxide gas pipeline, the nitrite ester gas pipeline and the nitrogen and argon mixed gas pipeline are same, each path comprises a gas conveying pipeline, a pressure stabilizing valve (7), a pressure meter (11) and a current stabilizing valve (8) which are sequentially connected, a pipeline behind the current stabilizing valve (8) is divided into three branches, and each branch comprises a quantity and flow controller (9) and a switch valve (10). According to the device, three same or different catalysts can be simultaneously evaluated, the developing speed of the catalyst is greatly increased, all-component online real-time analysis of raw materials and products can be realized, and data is accurate and reliable.