The invention discloses a preparation method of a covalent organic framework material formed by alternately connecting two types of octopolar conjugated structure units through carbon-carbon double bonds, and relates to the field of organic framework materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing 1, 3, 5-tricyano-2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzene; step 2, preparing 2, 4,6-tri (p-aldehyde biphenyl)-1, 3, 5-triazine; step 3, adding the 1, 3, 5-tricyano-2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzene, the 2, 4, 6-tri (p-aldehyde biphenyl)-1, 3, 5-triazine, anhydrous piperidine and anhydrousN, N-dimethylformamide into a pressure-resistant bottle; step 4, heating and reacting under the protection of argon; and 5, after the reaction is finished, carrying out vacuum filtration to obtain a crude product. The method is simple and easy to implement, and required conventional equipment is easy to control; a solvothermal method is used for one-step synthesis of the covalent organic frameworkmaterial with a high crystalline state, a regular pore channel structure and two types of octupole conjugated structures which are periodically and alternately connected.