The invention relates to a functional self-flame-retardant coating material, which comprises an aqueous alkyd self-flame-retardant resin, a pigment filler, an auxiliary agent and deionized water, wherein the aqueous alkyd self-flame-retardant resin is prepared by a reaction of dry oil, an organic acid anhydride, a polybasic acid, a polyol, an octadecyl alcohol, benzoic acid, a melamine derivative,an acrylic monomer, bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid and a neutralizing agent. According to the present invention, the prepared functional self-flame-retardant coating material does not precipitate during storage, has advantages of good film leveling property, no sagging and no requirement of additional flame retardants during the film forming, and can be widely used in the surface protection anddecoration of furniture, musical instruments, metals, concrete and the like, wherein the formed film has advantages of good adhesion, good fullness, good durability, chemical resistance, flame retardant performance and low price.