The invention discloses a vegetable organic composite fertilizer and a preparing method thereof, and relates to the field of vegetable plantation fertilizers. Raw materials of the composite fertilizer include decomposed organic matters, charcoal, silkworm excrement, straw ash, potassium citrate, sodium alginate, chelated trace elements, a microbial agent, an adhesive, a chelating agent and a granulation auxiliary agent. The method includes firstly adding water into the potassium citrate, the sodium alginate, the chelated trace elements, the microbial agent, the adhesive and the chelating agent to form a solution mixture, heating the solution mixture, adding other raw materials into the solution mixture, fully mixing the mixture, and preparing the fully mixed mixture into organic granules. The organic composite fertilizer is simple to prepare, easily available in raw material and low in cost. The organic composite fertilizer is capable of increasing quality and yields of vegetables, increasing contents of sulforaphene in vegetables, and reducing enrichment of heavy metals and nitrate contents in vegetables, and is green, pollution-free and suitable for popularization and application.