The invention discloses a special chitosan derivative-based water-free hand washing liquid for children, and a preparation method thereof, wherein the special chitosan derivative-based water-free hand washing liquid comprises the following raw materials by weight: 0.1-5 parts of a chitosan derivative, 0.01-1 part of a viscosity modifier, 1-10 parts of glycerin, 0.01-1 part of a skin-care agent, 0.01-0.5 part of a surfactant, and 100 parts of deionized water. According to the present invention, the water-free hand washing liquid with advantages of safety, no harm to human body, environmental protection and efficient antibacterial property is prepared by using the chitosan derivative macromolecule having the antibacterial function group as the active substance; and the water-free hand washing liquid designed for the children skin has the reasonable formula, can form the protective film on the child hand surface after the use, can kill a variety of pathogenic bacteria in children, and has characteristics of strong antibacterial ability, long acting time, no color, no odor, no toxicity, no irritating, smoothness and comfort after the use, no requirement of water rinsing, convenient use, and convenient carrying.