The invention discloses an anti-carbon deposition aldol condensation catalyst, which comprises an active component, an anti-carbon deposition agent, an active auxiliary agent and a carrier, and the active component is selected from one or more of inorganic salts of Cs and organic salts of Cs The anti-coking agent is selected from one or more of oxides, chlorides, nitrates, carbonates and organic acid salts of Pt, Rh, Ru, Pd, Ir, Fe, Co and Ni, and the active auxiliary The agent is selected from one or more of soluble salts of La, Ce, Nd, Pr and Pm, and the carrier is silicon dioxide. Through the controllable precursor preparation and catalyst activation process, the obtained catalyst is used to catalyze the aldol condensation reaction of methyl propionate and formaldehyde to prepare methyl methacrylate, which has high catalytic activity, good selectivity, strong anti-coking ability and Features of high stability.