84 results about "Ferroporphyrin" patented technology

The invention discloses a ferroptosis inhibitor and application of the ferroptosis inhibitor in radiation pneumonitis drugs, and relates to the technical field of biological medicines. The specific preparation method comprises the following steps: adding the ferroptosis inhibitor and the auxiliary agent into the solvent, and dissolving to obtain the ferroptosis inhibitor composition; wherein the ferroptosis inhibitor is isoorientin; the auxiliary agent is a glucosamine derivative; the solvent is a serum-free DMEM culture medium. The ferroptosis inhibitor composition prepared by the method provided by the invention can effectively reduce the rise of active oxygen, ferrous ions and malondialdehyde levels of human pulmonary epithelial cells BEAS-2b and mouse pulmonary epithelial cells MLE-12 caused by irradiation, restore cell mitochondrial membrane potential enrichment and inhibit the expression of various inflammatory factors in irradiated cells; therefore, the process of radiation pneumonitis is remarkably improved, and a new medication strategy is provided for research on radiation pneumonitis drugs.

The invention relates to an iron-containing precursor and a preparation method and application thereof.The preparation method comprises the steps that a mixed metal salt solution is prepared, the mixed metal salt solution at least contains ferrous ions and a reducing agent, and the mass ratio of the ferrous ions to the reducing agent is 50: 1-100: 1; a complexing agent and water are mixed to serve as a base solution, a mixed metal salt solution, the complexing agent and a precipitator are added into the base solution, and a first-stage reaction, a second-stage reaction and a third-stage reaction are sequentially carried out; the volume percentages of the added complexing agent in the added mixed metal salt solution are X1, X2, X3 and X1lt respectively; x2lt; x1 / X3 is more than or equal to 0.65 and less than or equal to 0.75; and after the third-stage reaction is completed, preparing an iron-containing precursor. According to the method, a traditional batch method is optimized, the stability and repeatability of production batches are improved, and the prepared precursor is narrow in particle size distribution, uniform in morphology and high in sphericity degree.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a sodium-rich boundary-rich iron-based prussian blue analogue (FePBA) through one-step hydrothermal synthesis assisted by sodium thiosulfate. The method specifically comprises the following steps: preparing a solution A and a Na4Fe (I I) (CN) 6 solution; the molar ratio of ferrocyanide to Fe ions in the solution B is 3: 4. And preparing a solution B to react with ferrocyanide to form FePBA. Adding sodium citrate to form a sodium and citrate-rich environment, then adding ferric iron salt, and fully stirring to chelate the added Fe < 3 + > with the citrate; and adding sodium thiosulfate after the step. Preparing a PVP (Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone) solution to play roles in dispersing FePBA and reducing agglomeration, and taking the PVP solution as a solution C; slowly dropwise adding the solution A and the solution B into the solution C at a constant speed by using a rubber head dropper to finally obtain a precursor solution, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 6 hours at 110 DEG C, carrying out suction filtration on the obtained precipitate, and drying to obtain a FePBA sample. According to the invention, the time required for synthesis is greatly shortened, and the traditional coprecipitation of more than 24 hours is improved into rapid hydrothermal reaction of 6 hours.

The invention discloses a method for producing mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) template plasmids by fermenting escherichia coli. When the recombinant escherichia coli is fermented and cultured, a seed solution of the recombinant escherichia coli is inoculated into a basic culture medium to be fermented and cultured until the OD600 value of fermentation liquor is 18-22, then a fed-batch culture medium is continuously added at the feeding rate of 5-15 mL / L / h to be subjected to continuous fed-batch fermentation culture, the basic culture medium contains 0.05-0.2 mmoL / L of ferric salt compound and 0.05-0.2 mmoL / L of copper chloride dihydrate, and the basic culture medium contains 0.05-0.2 mmoL / L of ferric salt compound and 0.05-0.2 mmoL / L of copper chloride dihydrate. The basal culture medium contains 10-15 g / L of copper chloride dihydrate and 100-300 mg / L of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, the carbon source of the basal culture medium contains 0.1-0.3 mmoL / L of a ferric salt compound, 0.1-0.3 mmoL / L of copper chloride dihydrate and 100-300 mg / L of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, the carbon source of the fed-batch culture medium contains 360-480 g / L of glycerol, and the ferric salt compound is one or more of ferrous citrate, ferric ammonium citrate or ferrous sulfate heptahydrate. According to the method, the yield and superhelix content of the mRNA template plasmids are improved by optimizing the culture medium formula and culture conditions, and large-scale production of the high-quality target mRNA template plasmids is facilitated.

The invention discloses a ferrous glycinate and EDTA ferric sodium compound product and a preparation method thereof. The compound product comprises a core material and a double-layer wall material, the core material is prepared from ferrous glycinate and EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid) ferric sodium; the inner-layer wall material is cyclodextrin and Arabic gum; the outer-layer wall material is pectin and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose; in the compound product, the mass percentage content of the ferrous glycinate is 20%-25%; the mass percentage content of the EDTA ferric sodium is 8%-10%; the mass percentage content of the inner-layer wall material is 60%-70%; and the mass percentage of the outer layer wall material is 2-5%. The EDTA ferric sodium and the ferrous glycinate are compounded to serve as the core material, and the double-layer embedding wall material is adopted, so that the iron fishy smell of the ferrous glycinate can be effectively covered on the basis of relatively high iron absorption and utilization rate, and relatively good stability can be achieved when the iron-iron composite material is applied to a liquid preparation product.

The invention belongs to the technical field of adsorbents, and discloses a core-shell structure composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. Ferroferric oxide is loaded on biochar by coprecipitation of ferric salt, ferrous salt and biochar, amination modification is performed by using polyethyleneimine, and a COF shell layer is prepared in situ by using a magnetic core. The shell layer is chemically connected with the magnetic core, and is coated by the COF shell, so that the structural stability is improved, the porous structure of the biochar is not easy to collapse, and the magnetic particles are not easy to fall off; the shell contains sulfonic acid groups, has electronegativity, and is combined with metal ions through electrostatic interaction, so that the adsorption sites of the adsorbent are increased. Meanwhile, the COF shell is of a porous structure, the specific surface area is large, the COF shell has the adsorption effect on metal ions, more adsorption sites are provided for the metal ions through the multiple adsorption effects of the COF shell and the magnetic core, and the removal rate is effectively increased.

The embodiment of the specification provides a preparation method of amination modified magnetic beads, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing ferric salt, a ferrous salt aqueous solution and a dextran aqueous solution for reaction to obtain dextran magnetic beads; then adding an epichlorohydrin solution into the glucan magnetic beads to react for a certain time, and then adding an amination reagent to react for a certain time to obtain amination modified magnetic beads; the embodiment of the invention also provides a magnetic bead for cell sorting and cell activation, and a target cell sorting and target cell activation method. The cell sorting magnetic bead provided by the invention is high in cell sorting purity, high in sorting recovery rate and high in cell viability; the activation magnetic bead provided by the invention has a good activation effect, and activated cells can be amplified at high times.

The invention belongs to the technical field of bioactive peptides, and discloses a white snakehead oligopeptide as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The white snakehead oligopeptide is selected from one of oligopeptides with amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NO.1-8. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the white snakehead oligopeptide. The polypeptide provided by the invention has a relatively high ferrous / zinc absorption rate to a human body, has a certain function of treating iron-deficiency anemia and zinc deficiency, and has a good application prospect in mineral (iron / zinc) supplements, functional foods and health-care products.

The invention provides a preparation method and application of oversized metal ferrocyanide, and relates to the technical field of nonferrous metallurgy. Comprising the following steps: preparing a DMF aqueous solution, and dividing the DMF aqueous solution into two equal parts which are respectively marked as a solution A and a solution B; soluble metal salt is added into the solution A, and the pH value is controlled to be 3-8; ferrocyanide is added into the solution B, and the pH value is controlled to be 3-8; dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A, and reacting to obtain a solution C; and filtering and drying the solution C obtained in the step 4 to obtain the metal ferrocyanide adsorbent. According to the method, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is added as a surfactant in the process of preparing a metal ferrocyanide adsorbent by a conventional chemical precipitation method, and ferrocyanide is synthesized in one step. The oversized metal ferrocyanide adsorbent can be obtained by regulating and controlling the adding proportion of the ferrocyanide and water, and has a better adsorption effect.

The application discloses a method for synthesizing tervalent tetraaryl iron porphyrin from pyrrole, aromatic aldehyde and ferrous salt, which comprises the following steps: adding anhydrous aluminum chloride, aromatic aldehyde, pyrrole and ferrous salt into DMF under stirring, and then heating and refluxing the reaction mixture for 0.5 hours under nitrogen; removing the nitrogen and continuing to heat the reaction mixture for a certain time; stopping the reaction; cooling the reaction mixture; and placing the reaction mixture at 273K overnight; and finally filtering the reaction mixture to obtain the iron porphyrin.

The invention discloses a method for recovering a titanium dioxide byproduct ferrous sulfate. The method comprises the following steps: S1, dissolving a titanium dioxide byproduct ferrous sulfate in water, and filtering to obtain a first filtrate; s2, adjusting the pH value of the first filtrate to 4.5-5.5, and filtering to obtain a second filtrate; s3, adding sulfide into the second filtrate, and filtering after reaction to obtain third filtrate; s4, adding an alkaline liquid into the third filtrate, and filtering after reaction to obtain a fourth filtrate and a first filter cake, so as to obtain ferrous hydroxide with first purity; and S5, preparing ferrous oxalate dihydrate from the ferrous hydroxide with the first purity. According to the method, through the synergistic effect of accurate pH value control, sulfide impurity removal and fractional precipitation, efficient separation of iron and manganese is achieved, the complex impurity removal process of multiple oxidation reduction is avoided, the operation process is simple, ferrous oxalate dihydrate is prepared after high-purity ferrous hydroxide is prepared, and the impurity removal cost is low.

The application relates to the technical field of sialic acid application, in particular to application of sialic acid in promoting iron absorption of iron supplement agents. It is found for the first time that sialic acid with a daily intake of 0.8-3.5 mg / kg and ferrous iron with a daily intake of 0.2-0.5 mg / kg can promote the absorption of ferrous iron by human bodies. More specifically, the application claims an iron supplement agent containing ferrous iron drugs and sialic acid. The iron supplement agent provided by the application promotes iron supplement by compounding sialic acid and ferrous iron drugs, thereby improving the bioavailability of iron, regulating immunity, promoting intestinal health and achieving various biological activities while supplementing iron.

The invention relates to the field of food additives and pharmaceutical preparations, and discloses a preparation method and application of high-stability ferrous glycinate. Glycine and ferrite are sequentially subjected to pretreatment, anhydrous solvent system construction, primary-secondary gradient coordination, antioxidant directional integration, low-temperature programmed crystallization and surface hydrophobization treatment. Wherein the natural antioxidant is subjected to nano coating by adopting a supercritical CO2 deposition technology, so that the controllable release of the antioxidant activity is realized; the coordination kinetics is optimized through ultrasonic intervention, and the Fe-S bond bonding strength is enhanced; and a multi-stage protective barrier is formed by combining fumed silica surface treatment and an oxygen barrier packaging process. The problems that a traditional iron agent is prone to oxidation inactivation and moisture absorption caking and low in bioavailability are effectively solved, and the chemical stability and physical integrity of a product in a complex environment are remarkably improved.

There is provided a method for producing ferrous sulphate and phosphoric acid comprising treating ferrous phosphate with sulphuric acid for obtaining ferrous sulphate and phosphoric acid. Additionally, there is provided a use of sulphuric acid for treating ferrous phosphate for obtaining ferrous sulphate and phosphoric acid.

In an iron (II) citrate monohydrate, identified by the formula FeC6H6O7-H2O ( Ferrous citrate monohydrate or iron citrate (II) monohydrate), obtained according to a particular production method, citric acid and elemental iron are bound in a molecular complex where the iron is agglomerated in the citrate which moves to a cyclic form and the iron is bound to the O groups of the carboxylic groups 1 and 3 through ionic bonds, forming two enantiomers, D and L (R and S), both perfectly water-soluble and highly assimilable by the human body. Formula (L) & Formula (D). With a different absorption mechanism from traditional iron molecules, said iron citrate monohydrate is usable in pharmaceutical and / or nutraceutical and / or food compositions, in particular in the treatment and prevention of iron deficiency anemias and in general of all diseases and disorders associated with iron deficiency. The effectiveness is proven by several examples.

The invention provides a method for removing nano plastics in water based on an in-situ oxidation coagulation process, which comprises the following steps: preparing a ferrous coagulant: adding alkali liquor into a ferrous solution to obtain the ferrous coagulant; preparing an oxidant solution and activating the oxidant solution; in-situ oxidation coagulation: under a stirring condition, simultaneously adding the activated oxidant solution and a ferrous coagulant into the to-be-treated water body containing the nano plastic, controlling the feeding ratio of the ferrous coagulant to the oxidant solution so that the mass concentration ratio of Fe to the oxidant is in a range of 1: 0.05 to 1: 0.3, and carrying out in-situ oxidation coagulation; according to the method, the ferrous coagulant is added into the nano plastic particles, so that ferrous ions in the ferrous coagulant are converted into iron ions, and the iron ions are adsorbed on the surfaces of the nano plastic particles and are rearranged and crystallized to form flocculate with a sheet-shaped or flower-shaped flexible nanosheet structure, so that the nano plastic monomer particles are wrapped and efficiently removed.

The invention relates to the field of compound preparation, and discloses a method for preparing alkali metal ferrocyanide by using iron powder as an iron source through a mechanochemical method, and the method comprises the following steps: mixing the iron powder with a solution containing alkali metal cyanide to obtain a mixture, and enabling the water content of the mixture to be not more than 50wt%, the alkali metal cyanide comprises sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide, the reaction time is short, the reaction temperature is low, the process of treating the raw materials in advance is omitted, hydrolysis of the sodium cyanide is reduced, side reactions are reduced, a small amount of NH3 is released in the complexing reaction process, and the method is suitable for industrial production. The yield is high, sulfate containing ferrocyanide is not produced as a byproduct, and unreacted metal residues are recycled. Compared with a traditional method, the method disclosed by the invention is low in production cost and high in added value of products, and has a relatively good industrial prospect.

The utility model discloses a pneumatic stirring device for preparing ferrous chloride, and relates to the technical field of ferrous chloride preparation. The device comprises a tank body, the top of the tank body is fixedly provided with a top cover through bolts, the bottom of the tank body is fixedly connected with an inclined filter pipe, one side of the filter pipe is fixedly communicated with a horizontal discharge pipe, the bottom of the filter pipe is open and is in threaded connection with a bottom cover, and the top of the bottom cover is fixedly connected with a supporting column. A filter cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the supporting column, a gap is formed between the filter cylinder and the inner wall of the filter pipe, and a limiting ring is fixedly connected to the top of the filter cylinder and makes contact with the inner wall of the filter pipe. According to the utility model, the filter cartridge is taken down by taking down the bottom cover, so that iron powder which is not completely reacted can be conveniently recycled and reused, and meanwhile, during discharging, the stirring shaft drives the movable shaft to rotate, and the movable shaft stirs in the filter cartridge, so that the filter cartridge is prevented from being blocked, and the discharging efficiency is improved.

A method for preparing magnetic amino-functionalized biochar and its application are disclosed, relating to the field of biochar preparation technology. The method involves dissolving ferrous chloride dihydrate, ferric chloride dihydrate, and ammonia in deoxygenated water, stirring until homogeneous, then adding amino-functionalized biochar. After thorough stirring, the product is collected by magnetic adsorption and finally washed to obtain magnetic amino-functionalized biochar. The magnetic amino-functionalized biochar is used for removing chromium from water. This invention provides a method for preparing magnetic amino-functionalized biochar and its application.

The application discloses a method for preparing pure chromium trichloride and ferrous chloride by using low-silicon ferrochrome, and comprises the following steps: an acid leaching step: crushing ferrochrome raw materials with silicon content less than 1% to 1-5mm, adding hydrochloric acid for step-by-step leaching to obtain a leaching solution; a purification step: diluting the leaching solution to a total content of Cr and Fe of 20-80g / L, adding a purifying agent for stirring, standing and filtering to obtain a purified solution; a concentration step: performing negative pressure vacuum concentration on the purified solution, filtering most of sodium chloride when the concentration is 1 / 4-1 / 3 of the original volume, then adding components according to the content of chromium and iron in the filtrate and continuing to concentrate, cooling and crystallizing, and drying to obtain pure chromium trichloride and ferrous chloride. The application significantly improves the filtering performance in the purification process, reduces the loss of chromium and iron elements and the use cost of the purifying agent, and overcomes the problems of battery charge-discharge efficiency reduction and ion membrane blockage caused by the high silicon ion concentration in the electrolyte solution.

A composition and method for capturing and releasing cells containing CD44 antigen, comprising cholesterol-aptamers, silver nanoparticle-modified aptamers, and bleomycin-ferrous ion complexes, exhibits higher biocompatibility and stability, facilitating the formation of a biointerface for the efficient capture and release of mesenchymal stem cells. Applying the composition of this invention to the electrochemical detection of cell capture and release offers advantages such as mild reaction conditions, simplicity, speed, and sensitivity, making it easy to integrate with other automated reaction interfaces for commercial development. Furthermore, it can be combined with electrochemical biochip sensor arrays to achieve even more convenient capture, detection, and release of mesenchymal stem cells.

The invention discloses a chlamydomonas reinhardtii source organism iron steady state regulator and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biology. The chlamydomonas reinhardtii hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein or the protein component thereof disclosed by the invention can activate low-oxygen inducible factor signal channels of intestinal tracts, livers and kidneys, and up-regulate the expression of iron absorption transporters such as a divalent metal ion carrier 1, duodenum cytochrome b, membrane iron transporters and ferrous oxidase in intestinal epithelial cells; according to the present invention, the liver hepcidin overexpression caused by inflammation can be inhibited, the generation of erythropoietin in the liver and the kidney can be promoted so as to stimulate the absorption of the body on the iron nutrient, and the compound can be used in the anemia improving health food and the anemia improving drug. The organism iron homeostasis regulator adopted by the invention is derived from microalgae food, so that compared with a conventional artificially synthesized organism iron homeostasis regulator drug, the organism iron homeostasis regulator has the advantage of no toxic or side effect.

The invention belongs to the field of composite nano materials, and particularly discloses an iron-based nano enzyme based on polydopamine as well as a preparation method and application of the iron-based nano enzyme based on polydopamine, and PDA-coated Fe nano enzyme with high catalytic activity and stability is prepared by chelating polydopamine microspheres with ferrous ions. The nano-enzyme can catalyze the chromogenic reaction of TMB and HO, and is used for ratio colorimetric method detection of nitrite. The PDA-coated Fe microspheres with uniform particle size and good dispersity are obtained by optimizing the preparation process, the utilization rate of iron atoms is remarkably increased, and oxidative inactivation is avoided. The detection method is high in sensitivity and strong in anti-interference capability, the detection limit is as low as 1.0 [mu] M, and the linear range is 5-100 [mu] M. The nano enzyme is low in preparation cost, simple and convenient to operate and high in environmental adaptability, can be applied to the fields of environmental monitoring, food safety, biomedical detection and the like, and provides an efficient and reliable solution for on-site rapid detection.

In the ferric iron citrate monohydrate defined by the chemical formula FeC6H6O7 H2O (ferrous citrate monohydrate or ferric iron citrate monohydrate) obtained according to a specific production method, the citric acid and the elemental iron are combined in a molecular complex in which the iron is gathered in the citrate moving into a ring-like form and the iron is bound to the O groups of the carboxyls 1 and 3 through ionic bonds, forming two enantiomers D and L (R and S), both of which are completely water-soluble and highly absorbable by the human body. Formula (L) and Formula (D). With a different absorption mechanism than traditional iron molecules, said ferric iron citrate monohydrate can be used in pharmaceutical compositions and / or nutritional compositions and / or food compositions, in particular for the treatment and prevention of iron deficiency anemia and all diseases and conditions associated with iron deficiency. The effectiveness is demonstrated through several examples.

The application discloses a kind of phosphorus-free pre-film agent, which is composed of the following components with mass percentage: N-lauroyl sarcosine 12-18%, zinc salt 15-20%, ferrous salt 7-10%, acrylic acid-itaconic acid copolymer 5-9% and soft water 50-60%. The application also discloses a preparation method of the above-mentioned phosphorus-free pre-film agent and a method for pre-film treatment in circulating cooling water system. The pre-film agent can effectively avoid the problem that traditional phosphorus-containing pre-film agent easily causes water eutrophication. The circulating water after pre-film does not contain phosphorus and can be recycled. Therefore, the pre-film agent does not need to be discharged after pre-film is completed and can be directly transferred to normal operation, thereby saving water resources and cleaning pre-film cost. The pre-film agent has good synergistic effect among components, and forms an organic-inorganic composite film interwoven on the metal surface. The composite film has the characteristics of rapid film formation, compactness, smoothness, uniformity, stable adhesion and strong corrosion resistance.

The invention belongs to the technical field of food hazard reduction, and discloses a magnetic zearalenone adsorbent and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: ultrasonically mixing chitosan, a nitrogen source, ferrous chloride, fatty acid and water to obtain a mixture; reacting the mixture under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, cooling and centrifuging to obtain a precipitate; carrying out repeated freezing and thawing treatment on the precipitate, and after the freezing and thawing treatment is finished, carrying out freeze drying to obtain a freeze-dried substance; and sequentially firing, grinding and sieving the freeze-dried substance to obtain the magnetic zearalenone adsorbent. The magnetic zearalenone adsorbent disclosed by the invention can be used for efficiently and safely reducing zearalenone.

The invention provides a method for recycling and regenerating chlorosuccinimide, and belongs to the technical field of resource recycling. The method comprises the following steps: decoloring the mother liquor after reaction, adding sulfide to enable metal palladium to form palladium sulfide precipitate, performing chlorination reaction on filtrate, ferrous chloride and phosphorus oxychloride, and performing extraction and back extraction to obtain chlorosuccinimide, so that the chlorosuccinimide is recycled and regenerated. The result of the embodiment shows that the melting point of the chlorosuccinimide obtained by the method disclosed by the invention is consistent with a literature value.

1. Name of the Design Product: Chemical Test Bottle. 2. Use of the Design Product: Belonging to chemical test utensils, it is a test bottle for testing ferrous and equipped with an inverted conical bottle cap. 3. Design Key Points of the Design Product: Lies in the shape. 4. Picture or Photograph that Best Illustrates the Design Key Points: Perspective View 1.

The invention relates to a nano preparation based on a ferrous phosphide nano structure and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of medical nano materials. In order to solve the problems that in the prior art, the curative effect of CDT is limited, the single therapy effect is poor, and effective imaging guidance lacks, the invention provides a nano preparation based on a ferrous phosphide nanostructure, the nano preparation comprises a core layer, a modification layer and a functional layer, the core layer is a hydrophobic ferrous phosphide nanostructure, the modification layer is a PTMP-PMAA polymer, and the functional layer is glucose oxidase. The nano preparation disclosed by the invention induces tumor apoptosis by increasing the ROS level through multiple synergy of chemical kinetics therapy, hunger therapy and photothermal therapy, so that the tumor treatment effect is remarkably improved; the system also has the advantages of precise dual-mode imaging and biological safety, can precisely position the tumor boundary, monitors the distribution and treatment process of the preparation in the tumor, provides a reliable basis for the selection of treatment opportunities, and shows important application prospects in the field of precise tumor treatment.

The invention relates to the technical field of nutritional supplements, in particular to high-absorption compound calcium which comprises the following components: calcium, ferrous glycinate, zinc glycinate, magnesium, vitamin D3, vitamin K2, casein phosphopeptides and linolenic acid type grease. The invention relates to a calcium supplement, which comprises, by weight, 28%-39% of calcium, 0.5%-0.9% of ferrous glycinate, 0.6%-0.7% of zinc glycinate, 6%-9% of magnesium, 0.9%-1.1% of vitamin D3, 0.6%-0.9% of vitamin K2, 0.8%-1.3% of casein phosphopeptides, and 25%-41% of linolenic acid grease, and has the following beneficial effects: through a tricalcium-in-one technology, the total absorption rate of calcium is greatly improved. The common side effects of flatulence, constipation, black stool and the like of the traditional calcium supplement are avoided.