The invention relates to a nano-femtosecond dual-laser composite machining system. The system comprises a femtosecond laser, a nanosecond laser, a synchronous control circuit, an illuminating light source, a semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror, a first dichroscope, a second dichroscope, a focusing lens and a charge coupled device (CCD) image detector, wherein the synchronous control circuit controls laser pulse output of the femtosecond laser and the nanosecond laser, and accurately adjusts relative time of nanosecond pulse and femtosecond pulse in the aspect of time to synchronize leading edges of the two pulses; the illuminating light source is positioned on one side of the semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror, and the second dichroscope, the first dichroscope and the focusing lens are coaxially arranged on the other side of the semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror in turn and are positioned on a straight line together with the illuminating light source; and the CCD image detector is positioned at the tail end of a reflecting light path of the semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror. Through the system, the advantages of high femtosecond laser machining accuracy and high nanosecond laser machining efficiency are simultaneously integrated, and high-accuracy and high-efficiency micro-nano machining is realized; and the system can be widely applied to the fields such as high-accuracy machining of aviation and aerospace key parts, microstructure machining of a laser fusion ignition target, microstructure machining of a microsensor and the like.