The invention relates to a preparation device and a preparation method of 3-methylmercapto propionaldehyde. The preparation device is provided with a reaction kettle, washing tanks, a washing circulating pump, absorbing kettles, an absorbing circulating pump, a separating device and a vacuum pump, wherein a methanthiol outlet of the reaction kettle is connected with methanthiol inlets of the washing tanks, an acrolein solution inlet of the reaction is externally connected with an acrolein solution source, and discharging holes of the washing tanks are connected with the reaction kettle and the washing tanks; and methanthiol outlets of the washing tanks are connected with methanthiol inlets of the absorbing kettles, acrolein inlets of the absorbing kettles are connected with the acrolein source, discharging holes of the absorbing kettles are communicated with a feeding hole of the absorbing circulating pump, a discharging hole of the absorbing circulating pump is communicated with feeding holes of the absorbing kettles, and 3-methylmercapto propionaldehyde is conveyed to a finished product through discharging holes of the absorbing kettles. A first preparation method comprises the steps of adding dimethyl sulfate into a sodium hydrosulfide water solution to obtain methanthiol, washing with cooling water, and reacting methanthiol with acraldehyde liquid, so as to obtain 3-methylmercapto propionaldehyde. A second preparation method comprises the steps of adding sulfuric acid into a sodium methyl mercaptide solution to obtain methanthiol gas, washing, cooling, and reacting methanthiol gas with acrolein, so as to obtain 3-methylmercapto propionaldehyde.