The invention discloses a magnetic extraction and enrichment method of an effective component in 
rheum officinale. A 
rheum officinale extracting solution is prepared from 
rheum officinale medicinal materials or a rheum officinale 
solid preparation according to the pharmacopeia, wherein the rheum officinale extracting solution, mesoporous ferroferric 
oxide nano-particles and an 
ionic liquid are prepared into enriched mixed liquor in a manner of adding water; each 1230mu L of enriched mixed liquor comprises the following components: 20mu L of rheum officinale extracting solution, 8-20mg of nano mesoporous ferroferric 
oxide, 0.2-0.6mg of 
ionic liquid, and the balance of water; the pH value is 9-13. The method comprises the following steps: loading the enriched mixed liquor into a 
centrifuge tube, whirling for 10-30 seconds on a vortex finder, approaching the bottom of the 
centrifuge tube by a 
magnet after standing; gathering the mesoporous ferroferric 
oxide nano-particles at the bottom of the 
centrifuge tube, and removing an upper water solution, so as to obtain enriched mesoporous ferroferric oxide nano-particles; eluting by a 
methanol solution containing 
acetic acid of which the 
mass fraction is 1-4%; collecting eluent and 
drying by 
distillation, so as to prepare enriched rheum officinale extractum, wherein the 
ionic liquid is brominated 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazole, chloridized 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazole, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium 
tetrafluoroborate or 1-butyl-3-methyl 
imidazole polystyrene sulfonate, preferably chloridized 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazole. The method disclosed by the invention is fast in speed, good in enrichment effect, and high in 
repeatability and reproducibility.