37results about How to "Improve oral environment" patented technology

The invention discloses a toothpaste formula containing oral probiotics. The toothpaste formula is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of toothpaste base material,0.5-5 parts of natural mineral salt, 1-10 parts of probiotics and 35-42 parts of Chinese herbal medicine. The prepared toothpaste can effectively reduce bacteria breeding in the oral by adding the probiotics, the oral ecological balance is maintained, the probability of producing dental plaque is reduced, and the prevalence rate of the periodontal disease is reduced; the irritability of the user can be effectively reduced or prevented, and the preparation method of the toothpaste is simple, and the batch production can be realized.

The invention relates to medical biological dressing and concretely relates to medical biological tooth desensitizer dressing and a preparation method thereof. The medical biological dressing is prepared from wormwood extract, water-soluble chitosan, sorbitol, silica, radix scutellariae extract, selaginella tamariscina extract, licorice root extract, uronic acid, calcium hydrogen phosphate, water-soluble mint oil, vitamin C and vitamin E. Through compatibility of the above raw materials, a tooth regeneration organ is maximally retained and activated, an oral environment is improved, vitamins are supplied, cell renewing is promoted, oral pH balance is kept, oral tooth restoration is promoted, pain and discomfort caused by cold, hot, acid and sweet stimulation to enamel, dentin, gingiva and exposed tooth root are eliminated, and dental nerve sensitivity to cold, hot, acid and sweet is reduced. The medical biological tooth desensitizer dressing has good effects of treating and preventing dentine sensitivity, can treat oral diseases such as swelling and aching of gum, gum bleeding and periodontitis and has effects of diminishing inflammation, relieving pain and stopping bleeding.

The invention is applicable to the technical field of an oral cavity health care product, and provides mouth wash and a preparation method thereof. The mouth wash is prepared from the following ingredients in percentage by weight: 0.45 to 0.6 percent of nonionic surfactants, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of enzyme preparations, 0.1 to 0.15 percent of preservatives, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of pH conditioning agents and the balance of deionized water, wherein the enzyme preparations are mixtures of at least three kinds of materials from glucanase, glucose oxidase, polyphenol oxidase, muramidase, coenzyme Q10, amylase, trypsin, catalase, bromelin or protease. The mouth wash is weakly acidic; stimulating ingredients such as ethyl alcohol are not contained; the mouth wash is mild and inirritative on the oral cavity; food-grade raw materials are used; safety and nontoxicity are realized; meanwhile, various kinds of enzymes are compounded; various enzymes can maintain higher enzyme activity in the recipe; teeth stain can be effectively removed; the growth of dental plaque can be inhibited; the effects of obviously relieving gingival bleeding, reliving gingivitis, improving oral cavity natural defense capability and creating good oral environment can be achieved.

The invention discloses a cat beverage and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of food processing. The cat beverage comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-19 parts of taurine, 15-27 parts of vegetable oil, 15-30 parts of catnip, 1-3 parts of cod-liver oil, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin A, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin D, 130-160 parts of grass that cats like to eat, 100-130 parts of celery juice and 200-300 parts of water. The preparation method of the cat beverage comprises the following steps of pretreating the raw materials, mixing the pretreated raw materials, and obtaining the finished product. The cat beverage disclosed by the invention is high in nutrient value, is attractive to cats, is low in cost and has strong market competitiveness.

The invention provides an oral composition which is prepared by mixing calcium glycerophosphate and / or tetrasodium pyrophosphate and functional oligosaccharide. The oral composition provided by the invention can better maintain and adjust oral micro-ecological balance, enable oral microorganisms to be in a stable state, keep oral health through mutual suppression and mutual influence of strains, and effectively prevent oral diseases, particularly caries, ozostomia and periodontal diseases.

The invention discloses probiotics toothpaste and a preparation method thereof. The probiotics toothpaste is formed by the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of silicic acid hydrate, 50-60 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 50-60 parts of shellac resin, 20-30 parts of pectin, 3-5 parts of a humectant, 3-5 parts of sodium lauryl sulfonate, 5-8 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose,3-5 parts of peppermint essential oil, 0.5-2 parts of a sweetening agent, 1-2 parts of chlorophyll, 10-15 parts of probiotics freeze-dried powder and 50-80 parts of deionized water. The toothpaste contains friction particles, besides further contains the pectin and the shellac resin. In a tooth brushing process, the surface of the tooth has the particles and foam, besides further has a layer of afilm formed by colloid and the binder. Toothbrush hairs are avoided from directly contacting with the surface of the tooth in the presence of the film. An acting force of a toothbrush to the tooth isuniformly dispersed and buffered through the film, and the tooth cannot be damaged. Damage to sensitive tooth and gingiva by the toothpaste and the toothbrush is reduced.

The invention belongs to a wolfberry-bezoar toothpaste, belongs to the technical field of chemical engineering, and especially relates to the technical field of toothpaste manufacture. The wolfberry-bezoar toothpaste is characterized in that a wolfberry extract, bezoar and a pearl powder are added in a toothpaste matrix, wherein the amount of the wolfberry extract accounts for 1-10% of the total mass, the amount of the bezoar accounts for 1-10% of the total mass, and the amount of the pearl powder accounts for 0.1-5% of the total mass. The wolfberry-bezoar toothpaste has effects of whitening teeth and alleviating oral diseases.

The invention discloses natural anti-scaling whitening toothpaste. The natural anti-scaling whitening toothpaste is prepared from an anti-scaling component, a whitening component and a cleaning antibacterial component, wherein a weight ratio of the anti-scaling component to the whitening component to the cleaning antibacterial component is (1 to 3):(2 to 5):(2 to 3). In the anti-scaling component,the whitening component and the cleaning antibacterial component which are adopted by the invention, the anti-scaling component is mainly used for removing dental calculus and inhibiting growth of the dental calculus, the whitening component is mainly used for removing pigment deposits on teeth, the cleaning antibacterial component is mainly used for normally cleaning the teeth, protecting gingiva and enamel by adopting traditional Chinese medicine components and improving oral environment, and an intersecting function among the anti-scaling component, the whitening component and the cleaningantibacterial component is obtained.

The invention discloses frosted refreshing candy capable of deeply cleaning the oral cavity and a preparation method of the frosted refreshing candy and belongs to the technical field of refreshing candy and processing thereof. The frosted refreshing candy is prepared from raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 30-40 parts of isomalt, 5-10 parts of maltitol, 15-20 parts of sorbitol, 0.2-0.6parts of sucralose, 0.1-0.5 parts of citric acid, 20-30 parts of magnesium stearate, 0.01-0.04 parts of menthol, 2-5 parts of yellow peach powder, 0.02-0.05 parts of Arabic gum, 0.01-0.05 parts of erythrosine, 0.05-0.1 parts of fruit essence and 15-20 parts of water. hard sugar powder is obtained after maltitol and part of sorbitol are boiled and dried and then mixed with other raw materials, tabletting is performed, the refreshing candy with a frosted surface is prepared, and the refreshing candy is put in the oral cavity, can rub the tongue and the oral cavity and remove coated tongue and rub tooth stain to deeply clean the oral cavity and continuously keep breath fresh and has good taste.

The invention relates to drug toothpaste for treating oral diseases and a preparation method thereof. The drug toothpaste is new type toothpaste adopting Chinese medicines including paeonol, and the like as main drug-effect ingredients and serving with anti-allergic and anti-hemostatic drug-effect ingredients. Compared with other chemical synthetic drugs, the drug toothpaste has the characteristics of small irritation and small toxic and side effects. The drug toothpaste has the functions for treating oral diseases, such as dental arthritis, toothache, hemodia, and the like. With long-term use, the drug toothpaste can improve oral environment and maintains oral health. The drug toothpaste has the advantages of reasonable formula, simple process and significant effect.

The invention discloses an anti-tooth decay buccal tablet and a preparation method thereof. The anti-tooth decay buccal tablet comprises the following raw materials by weight part: 15-20 of albizia julibrissin flowers, 8-12 of horseradish roots, 12-15 of rehmannia flowers, 10-15 of dandelion, 4-6 of Lygodium japonicum, 6-8 of Ligusticum sinense, 20-30 of sophora japonica, 3-5 of Cynodon dactylon, 5-7 of dendrobium flowers, 8-10 of bauhinia, 5-7 of Corydalis cheilanthifolia, 40-50 of menthol, 1.5-2.0 of guar gum, 2.3-2.5 of sodium saccharin, 2.0-2.2 of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 3.0-3.5 of magnesium stearate. With a reasonable formulation, the buccal tablet provided by the invention ensures the basic function of cleaning the oral cavity, and also has the efficacy of no fluorine, bacterium inhibition, comprehensive moth prevention, tooth brightening, and oral environment improvement. The buccal tablet prepared by the invention has unique flavor, pure taste, and excellent luster.

The invention discloses toothpaste containing oral probiotics and a preparation method thereof. The toothpaste comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of Borojo powder, 30-60 parts of lithocarpus litseifolius, 10-20 parts of probiotics, 1-5 parts of chimonanthus salicifolius, 1-5 parts of mannose oligomer, 1-5 parts of lindera aggregata leaves and 1-5 parts of colostrum basic protein. According to the invention, the Borojo powder and the lithocarpus litseifolius which have anti-oxidation effects are adopted, so that the effect of treating oral ulcer is achieved; the dosage of the probiotics can be reduced; the mannose oligomer can promote the growth of the probiotics, so that the probiotics play a synergistic role; and meanwhile, the contained chimonanthus salicifolius, rice bran fatty alkanol, lindera aggregata leaves and colostrum basic protein all have the effect of treating the oral ulcer, so that the oral ulcer is effectively prevented and improved.

The invention belongs to a low-frequency efficient oral mucosal disease therapy instrument, which comprises a control circuit board, a liquid storage bottle, a water suction pump, a negative pressure pump, a recycling bottle, a handle and a display panel, and is characterized in that the control circuit board is provided with a power supply, a controller, a heater, a refrigerator I, a refrigerator II, a cold circulation controller, an ion output port, a negative pressure port, a temperature sensor, a camera port, a frequency spectrum port and a laser port; the liquid storage bottle is provided with a liquid outlet and a backflow port, the liquid outlet is connected with a liquid transport tube, the handle is connected with a treatment head, the backflow port is connected with a backflow tube, the water is arranged on the backflow tube, cold circulation controller is connected with the water suction pump, the recycling bottle is connected with an absorption tube, the absorption tube is connected to the handle, and the negative pressure pump is arranged on the absorption tube. The low-frequency efficient oral mucosal disease therapy instrument also has the functions of low temperature, low frequency, pulse, frequency spectrum, laser and the like while delivering a medicine, and performs physical treatment on soft tissues of a diseased part of the oral mucosa so as to achieve the effects of inflammation diminishing, swelling diminishing and pain relieving.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a bacteriostatic sugar-free gel material used for xerostomia and belongs to the technical field of materials for the oral cavity. According to the technical scheme, propolis is effectively modified, a nano propolis material is extracted and collected, a two-component gel system is more adjustable than a single-component gel system structure when used as a saliva releasing agent for coating citric acid, the citric acid is effectively slowly released, and the saliva secretion capacity of the oral cavity is improved; meanwhile, according to the technical scheme, chitosan is used as a modified material to effectively inhibit complications such as candidiasis albicans and dental caries, and the oral cavity environment is further improved. According to the technical scheme, the citric acid is adopted for modifying the chitosan and then coated for additional modification; since the citric acid is a tricarboxylic acid and carboxyl of the citricacid has strong reaction activity, the citric acid and amino of the chitosan can triger an acylation reaction under a certain condition, so that a hydrophilic group carboxyl is introduced into chitosan molecules to improve the water solubility of the chitosan, and the slow release performance and use performance of the material are further improved.

The invention discloses an oral care agent which is used for superficial wound care and applied to field of oral care, and an application method thereof. The oral care agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10%-18% of acid, 6%-17% of a carboxyl compound, 0.6%-1.8% of phenol, 0.2%-0.3% of flavones, 0.7%-2.1% of plant factors and 60.8%-82.5% of purified water, wherein theacid, the carboxyl compound and the phenol are hawthorn seed extracts. The oral care agent can form a protective film on the surface of a wound to play a role of a physical barrier, so that the repairing effect of internal medicines on the wound surface is improved. Meanwhile, the components are simple, most of the components are extracted from plants, the product safety can easily reach the foodgrade, and the applicability to the oral environment is effectively improved. Besides, the application method is simple and rapid, and the operation efficiency is improved. On the one hand, medicine strengthening operation is conducted on local parts through wet compressing, and on the other hand, a spray can guarantee the oral cavity environment, so that the good nursing environment is continuously kept, and the repairing effect is improved.

The invention provides fragrant tea and a preparation method. The fragrant tea comprises the following components of baked wild chrysanthemum flowers, processed jasmine flowers, rose flowers, lavenderflowers, processed honeysuckle flowers, parched sweet-scented osmanthus, processed rosemary flowers, peach blossoms, processed radix puerariae, villous amomum fruits, ginseng leaves, cooked licoriceroots, fig kernels, Hainan agalloch eaglewood and dried orange peel. The invention further provides the preparation method of the fragrant tea. The preparation method comprises the following technologies of baking the components, performing material mixing, performing processing by a wet method, performing sterilization, performing bagging and the like so as to obtain finished products. The fragrant tea mainly comprises Chinese herbal medicines and natural substances, does not contain tea components, has favorable effect of refreshing the mind, and besides, has the efficacy of eliminating dampness, eliminating phlegm, promoting digestion, nourishing the throat, eliminating phlegm and resolving phlegm. The fragrant tea is sweet, refreshing and fragrant in taste, and after being drunk for along term, the fragrant tea contributes to improvement of oral environment and contributes to treatment for halitosis and bad breath.

The invention discloses a compound oyster tooth-protecting and tooth-cleaning product which comprises oyster shell powder, pearl powder, ovateleaf holly bark extract and a functional additive. The functional additive comprises one or more of gypsum, an abrasive, a humectant, menthol, a foaming agent, a thickening agent, a sweetening agent, a preservative and water. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the compound oyster tooth-protecting and tooth-cleaning product, and toothpaste, tooth powder and mouthwash prepared from the compound oyster tooth-protecting and tooth-cleaning product. According to the invention, marine oyster shells and pearls can be refined into powder, ovateleaf holly bark extract is added in an auxiliary manner, marine and land-derived active ingredientscan be comprehensively utilized, and the purposes of cleaning and protecting teeth, eliminating bad breath, improving the oral environment and preventing oral diseases are achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of pet food, and particularly discloses a composition, a preparation and application thereof. The composition comprises the following pharmacologically acceptable components: specific immune globulin IgY, polyphosphate and a zinc supplement. The preparation is prepared from the composition and pharmacologically acceptable carriers and / or additives and / or feed raw materials. The composition or the preparation is applied to preparation of drugs, health care products and / or food for preventing or treating periodontal diseases of pets. The composition provided by the invention can effectively improve the halitosis condition of pets, promote the falling of tartar of the pets and inhibit harmful bacteria in the oral cavity, so that the oral environment of the pets is improved, and the life quality of the pets is improved.

The invention discloses tooth whitening liquid and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of oral care. The tooth whitening liquid is prepared from the following raw materials: sodiumbenzoate, phytic acid, glycerin, Tween, a surfactant, chondroitin sulfate, ellagic acid, xylooligosaccharide and water; the tooth whitening liquid is prepared by the steps such as ultrasound treatmentand mixing. By adopting chondroitin sulfate, ellagic acid, xylooligosaccharide as a reinforcing system, the whitening effect of the tooth whitening liquid is improved.

The invention provides a composition. The composition comprises trehalose and betaine. The invention further provides an oral cavity cleaning composition which comprises trehalose, betaine and auxiliary materials. The oral cavity cleaning composition provided by the invention takes betaine and trehalose as active ingredients, has an antibacterial effect, and can effectively inhibit reproduction of microorganisms in an oral cavity, so that the oral cavity environment is improved; in addition, the composition provided by the invention can also clean the oral cavity, remove tartar, tartar and the like, repair and promote oral mucosa regeneration, and has the effects of preventing tooth decay, improving gingiva and periodontal disease symptoms and the like. Experimental results show that the composition provided by the invention has a good inhibition effect on bacteria and fungi.

The invention discloses cortex eucommiae toothpaste and a preparing method thereof. The cortex eucommiae toothpaste is prepared from abrasive, moistening agent, binder, defoaming agent, mint essence, saccharin sodium salt, cortex eucommiae extract, aluminium-magnesium silicate, sodium benzoate, 0.05 percent of brilliant blue solution and purified water. Based on prior art, the brilliant blue is added for color modulation, a sensory effect of the toothpaste is increased, a formula is further upgraded, sterilizing and dental ulcer treating effects are more obvious. The toothpaste is reasonable in formula, simple in process and more obvious in use effect.

The present invention provides a tooth desensitizer product containing regenerative medicine material and a preparation method thereof; the tooth desensitizer product of regenerative medicine material is mainly made of the following raw materials: regenerative medicine material, matrix material, dispersant, gelling agent and Others; prepared by anhydrous vacuum high-speed shearing dispersion process. The present invention provides a tooth desensitizer product containing regenerative medical materials. The main functional components of the product are regenerative medicine materials, which can prevent and treat tooth hypersensitivity, and can also improve the oral environment. Caries has certain therapeutic and preventive effects.

The invention discloses an antibacterial complete denture and a manufacturing method thereof. An antibacterial complete denture includes artificial teeth and a base, and the base includes the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of tooth base powder, 70-80 parts of tooth base powder, 30-40 parts of supporting water, 2-3 parts of silicon-based toughening agent, 4-8 parts of silver-loaded silica, 2-4 parts of natural antibacterial agent and 1-2 parts of nano-titanium dioxide. The present invention makes the base have excellent antibacterial properties through the compounding of silver-loaded silica, nano-titanium dioxide and natural antibacterial agents, and its compounding with silicon-based toughening agents can further improve the toughness of the base, thereby prolonging its service life .

The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for relieving thirst of dialysis patients. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of radix rehmanniae recen, 1-2 parts of radix scrophulariae, 1-2 parts of fructus mume and 0.1-0.5 part of raw liquorice. The radix scrophulariae, the radix rehmanniae, the smoked plum and the liquorice are matched, so the effects of nourishing yin and promoting salivation are multiplied, and the traditional Chinese medicine is especially suitable for kidney deficiency and thirst. The formula increases local stimulation to salivary glands of the oral cavity, rapidly relieves thirst and discomfort of dialysis patients, and can improve bad breath. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation can be taken at any time, is convenient to carry, improves the living quality of people suffering from hemodialysis, and has a wide market consumption prospect.

The invention discloses an anti-tooth decay buccal tablet and a preparation method thereof. The anti-tooth decay buccal tablet comprises the following raw materials by weight part: 15-20 of albizia julibrissin flowers, 8-12 of horseradish roots, 12-15 of rehmannia flowers, 10-15 of dandelion, 4-6 of Lygodium japonicum, 6-8 of Ligusticum sinense, 20-30 of sophora japonica, 3-5 of Cynodon dactylon, 5-7 of dendrobium flowers, 8-10 of bauhinia, 5-7 of Corydalis cheilanthifolia, 40-50 of menthol, 1.5-2.0 of guar gum, 2.3-2.5 of sodium saccharin, 2.0-2.2 of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 3.0-3.5 of magnesium stearate. With a reasonable formulation, the buccal tablet provided by the invention ensures the basic function of cleaning the oral cavity, and also has the efficacy of no fluorine, bacterium inhibition, comprehensive moth prevention, tooth brightening, and oral environment improvement. The buccal tablet prepared by the invention has unique flavor, pure taste, and excellent luster.

The invention provides a device for cleaning artificial teeth. The device comprises a spherical casing which is divided into a lower casing A and an upper casing A, wherein the lower casing A and theupper casing A are screwed and fixed through threads, a hole is formed in the lower part of the lower casing A, the hole in the lower part of the lower casing A is connected with a blower through an air inlet pipe, the air inlet pipe and the hole in the lower part of the lower casing A are sealed and fixed through glue, an exhaust pipe is fixed at the side end of the upper part of the upper casingA and communicated with the inside of the upper casing A, a filter net 7 is fixed on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe, multiple spherical containers are arranged in the spherical casing, and each spherical container comprises an upper casing B, a lower casing B and bristles. The artificial teeth are cleaned through a rotary spherical body without artificial cleaning or nursing, the cleaning efficiency and quality of the artificial teeth are greatly improved, the manual cleaning cost is reduced and pollution of the artificial teeth by hands of a human being is avoided in the cleaning processof the artificial teeth. The device is simple in structure, convenient to use and can give people who wear the artificial teeth a good oral environment.

The invention discloses dental restoration composite resin with biological activity and a preparation method thereof. The invention firstly provides silanization modified bretmanite powder which is prepared according to the following method: dropwise adding a mixture of a silane coupling agent and n-propylamine into a suspension of bretmanite, stirring under a heating condition, removing a flux, and drying the mixture to obtain the silanization modified bretmanite powder, then mixing an organic monomer, a photoinitiator and a co-initiator to obtain a resin matrix, adding silanization modified white calcium stone powder or a mixture of the silanization modified white calcium stone powder and an inorganic filler into the resin matrix, and mixing the components to obtain uncured light-cured composite resin paste, namely the dental repair composite resin. According to the invention, the silanization modification is carried out on the bretmomanite, so that an inorganic structure has organic groups and can be better combined with organic monomers; the bretmomanite is mixed with the organic monomers, an initiating system and other inorganic fillers; therefore, the dental repair resin with better organic and inorganic interface compatibility is obtained, and the mechanical property of the resin is improved.

The invention provides efficient antibacterial paste and a preparation method thereof. The efficient antibacterial paste comprises a matrix, coconut oil, vitamins, plant essence and bioactive peptides. Through the coconut oil, the vitamins, the plant essence and the bioactive peptides, the oral environment can be improved while bacteria in the oral cavity are effectively removed; the coconut oil can form a protective layer on the surface of the enamel, so that invasion of the bacteria to the enamel is avoided; the vitamins can improve the immunity and antibacterial ability of the oral mucosa; the plant essence can remove the bacteria and avoid red and swollen gums, inflammation and the like at the same time; and the bioactive peptides can sterilize and resist bacteria. The plant essence is an extracted high-concentration effective component, so that compared with the existing toothpaste, the paste disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the curative effect is quick; and besides, the added coconut oil, vitamins and bioactive peptide components can kill various bacteria, inhibit the reproduction of the bacteria and improve the oral environment while killing various bacteria. The problem that existing bacteriostatic toothpaste is poor in bacteriostatic effect is solved.

The invention discloses an oral cavity interior sanitary inspection device which comprises a power panel, a display screen, an upper supporting seat, a support rod I and a support rod II, wherein the upper side of the power panel is provided with the display screen; one end of the power panel is connected with the upper supporting seat by virtue of a sensing shaft; one end of the upper supporting seat is provided with an induced magnet; the upper supporting seat is movably connected with the support rod I by virtue of a rotating shaft I; the upper supporting seat is movably connected with the support rod II by virtue of a rotating shaft; the outer side of the support rod I is provided with a small water trough I, and the outer side of the support rod II is provided with a small water trough II; one end of the support rod I is connected with a smooth rod I, and one end of the smooth rod I is provided with a camera I. By virtue of the power panel, the display screen, the upper supporting seat, the support rod I and the support rod II which are arranged, the oral cavity interior sanitary inspection device is capable of effectively detecting the interior sanitation of an oral cavity and achieving a better oral environment.

The invention discloses a mouthwash, and the mouthwash contains hydrogen. The mouthwash is used for preparing the hydrogen-containing water in the form of a hydrogen production material or nano hydrogen bubbles, and the method comprises the following steps: preparing the hydrogen-containing water in the form of nano bubbles; or preparing hydrogen-containing water by a physical method; alternatively, hydrogen-containing water is prepared by a chemical method. The mouthwash can be used independently or combined with other mouthwash. The mouthwash provided by the invention has a bacteriostatic effect and can be used for daily oral cavity cleaning.