The invention relates to a laser sterilizing and pest control method and device. Laser beams is generated by a laser device, the laser beams in Gaussian distribution are converted into a linear light source through a light path guide system, the linear light source scans in an outer space to form a light curtain, the light curtain is allowed to pass a target area through a moving mechanism, the laser forming the light curtain irradiates the bacteria or viruses in the target area to allow the protein on the outer layer of the bacteria or viruses to cure, the bacteria or viruses cannot absorb nutrition, and die, or the insects in the target area are irradiated and killed. The laser beams are clean without chemical pollution. The laser sterilizing and pest control device is simple in structure, simple to operate and easy to store, sterilizing and pest control in a large space can be achieved as long as power and action time are controlled properly, and human body damage can be avoided.