The invention relates to the technical field of foamed plastic, particularly to high-strength polylactic acid foamed plastic including, by mass, 38-46% of polylactic acid, 1.2-3% of a chain extender,6-8% of a plasticizer, 2-3% of azodicarbonamide, 1.6-2.2% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.1-3.2% of zinc oxide, 6-8% of talcum powder, 8-12% of nano aluminum dioxide, and 9-14% of atactic polypropylene, withthe balance being deionized water. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the high-strength polylactic acid foamed plastic. The preparation method comprises the following preparationsteps: S1, weighing and proportioning; S2, dehydrating the polylactic acid; S3, modifying and mixing; S4, extruding and granulating; S5, cooling and shaping. The plastic has the beneficial effects that the formula is more scientific and reasonable, the polylactic acid is filled with the nanometer aluminum dioxide, and the chemical bond effect between the nanometer aluminum dioxide and the polylactic acid is utilized, so that the plastic has good mechanical performance, can be completely biodegraded, does not pollute the environment, is higher in functionality and is beneficial to popularization.