The invention discloses a preparation method of a super-hydrophobic super-oleophylic straw felt for oil-water separation. The method mainly comprises the following steps: 1, cutting straw stalks to aspecific length, soaking in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution for treatment, fishing out, and washing with water to neutrality; 2, pressing the mixture into a mold with a specific shape, drying andmolding; 3, taking stearoyl chloride as a solute, taking 1,4- anhydrous dioxane as a solvent, mixing to form a low-surface-energy solution, soaking the formed straw into the solution for low-surface-energy treatment, taking out, and drying; and 4, putting the straw subjected to low surface energy treatment into an elastic porous cotton packaging bag which is consistent with the straw in shape to form the super-hydrophobic super-oleophylic straw felt. The product is low in cost, high in strength and not prone to being scattered by stormy waves, and has good application prospects in the fields of marine spilled oil cleaning, industrial wastewater treatment and the like.