The invention discloses a core material for a vacuum heat-insulating board and a preparation method thereof. The core material comprises the following raw material components: acrylic acid, calcium oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, methacryloylpropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, stearic acid, potassium bisulfite, glass fiber, silicon dioxide, polyester fiber, 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, polyethylene adipate glycol, a silane coupling agent, pentamethyldiethylene triamine, bentonite, a chain extender and Tween 20. The preparation method comprises the following steps: successively subjecting acrylic acid, calcium oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, methacryloylpropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, stearic acid and potassium bisulfite to reacting so as to obtain a reactant; then carrying out shearing granulation, and carrying out drying so as to obtain a material 1; and subjecting glass fiber, silicon dioxide, polyester fiber, 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, polyethylene adipate glycol, the material 1 and the remained components to a certain reaction so as to obtain the core material for the vacuum heat-insulating board. The core material obtained by using the method provided by the invention has good heat-insulating performance and vacuum compression use stability.