This application discloses a jacking support construction device and method for rapid replacement of bridge bearings, comprising: a jacking support mechanism, a base, a base plate, and a self-
locking mechanism; the jacking support mechanism integrates a hydraulic jacking structure and a mechanical support structure, the hydraulic jacking structure being used to jack the
box girder, and the mechanical support structure being used to support the
box girder; the hydraulic jacking structure includes a
hydraulic cylinder and a
piston rod fitted inside the cylinder, the cylinder having inlet and outlet ports for connecting to a hydraulic
station via hydraulic oil pipes; the self-
locking mechanism consists of a hydraulic self-locking component and a mechanical self-locking component, the hydraulic self-locking component being located within the hydraulic jacking structure to lock the inlet and outlet ports, and the mechanical self-locking component being located within the mechanical support structure to lock the mechanical support structure; the jacking support mechanism is mounted on the base plate via the base, the base plate being fixedly placed on the support platform; the base and the base plate are provided with an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the position of the jacking support mechanism. This device eliminates the need to transport and stack support components, reducing construction steps and improving efficiency.