38 results about "Membrane diffusion" patented technology

The invention relates to a fully closed circuit-pendulum-storage system wherein a given amount of a ready to breathe gas mixture made of various inert gases including hydrogen and oxygen is continuously conveyed between two highly pressurized gas containers. Initially, the required breathing gas leaves the pressurized gas container and reaches the circuit at a constant dosage according to the overdosing principle. The circuit consists of an inhalation bag, a diving helmet, an exhalation bag and a single or double pack CO₂ absorption filter. At a depth of 0-100 m a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen and helium is used as a breathing gas. At a depth of 100-700 m a given amount of hydrogen is mixed therewith according to the wishes of the diver, whereby the oxygen content should not exceed 3 vol. %. When the diver emerges from a depth of over 100 m, the hydrogen is removed from the breathing gas and from the circuit by means of palladium membrane diffusion or catalytic water conversion. The removal of hydrogen is controlled by hydrogen detectors. At this point only, the oxygen content can exceed 3 vol %.

The invention discloses a disposal method for iron and steel pickling waste water containing hydrochloric acids. Through the adoption of the method disclosed by the invention, not only can the hydrochloric acids be recovered for cyclic utilization, so that the optimal allocation of sources is realized, but also the problem of environmental pollution is solved, the discharge of pollutants is reduced, and the method has the advantages of low production cost, simple technology and the like. The method comprises the following steps: spent acid solutions after purification and impurity removal and pickling cleaning water flow through the internal part of an anion exchange membrane diffusion dialyzator at the same time, so that the spent acid solutions flowing out of the internal part of the anion exchange membrane diffusion dialyzator are changed into raffinate containing iron with a low content of hydrochloric acids, and the cleaning water flowing out of the internal part of the anion exchange membrane diffusion dialyzator is changed into recovered acids containing a large quantity of hydrochloric acids, an extremely small quantity of iron ions and an extremely small quantity of ferrous ions; then the recovered acids are returned to an iron and steel pickling workshop section for cyclic utilization, and are continuously used for pickling; the raffinate containing the iron is led to a waste water collecting pond for neutralizing treatment and pressure filtration treatment, and iron mud and filtrate which reaches a discharge standard are obtained.

The invention provides a lithium-sulfur battery diaphragm and a preparation method thereof as well as a lithium-sulfur battery and a preparation method thereof and relates to the technical field of diaphragms. The lithium-sulfur battery diaphragm comprises a support membrane, and the support membrane is compounded with a nitrogen-doped carbon adsorption-conductive coating. The preparation method of the lithium-sulfur battery diaphragm comprises the following steps: coating the support membrane with the nitrogen-doped carbon adsorption-conductive coating, and drying the nitrogen-doped carbon adsorption-conductive coating to obtain the lithium-sulfur battery diaphragm. The lithium-sulfur battery diaphragm relieves the technical problems that a traditional diaphragm basically has no blockingeffect on multiple sulfur ions and can not block polysulfide dissolution and shuttling phenomena; and by compounding the nitrogen-doped carbon adsorption-conductive coating on the support membrane, the polysulfide can be adsorbed to the diaphragm to perform high-conductivity conversion, thereby inhibiting the shuttling effect of polysulfide, reducing the interface reaction resistance, effectivelyrecovering the dissolved sulfur at the interface between the anode and the diaphragm, increasing the utilization ratio of active substances of the anode, and limiting trans-membrane diffusion of polysulfide so as to enhance the cycle performance of the lithium-sulfur battery.

A delivery system utilizing a diffusion membrane that regulates the concentration of medical gases that are administered to a patient. A storage vessel contains a neat or pure medical gas under pressure that is in fluid communication with a diffusion membrane. The medical gas is then dispensed at a specified rate by diffusion across a membrane into a carrier gas. The concentration is kept constant by regulating the pressure and carrier gas flow. Typical applications are for inhaled gases that are used in patient treatment and care.

The invention discloses an in-situ sampling method of phosphorus in soil. The method comprises the following steps of: drilling a sampling hole in a land parcel by using a sampling device; inserting a casing pipe; pulling the casing pipe out during sampling; inserting a dialysis bag into the sampling hole; adding deionized water; extracting remaining water from the dialysis bag 24-36 hours later;taking the dialysis bag out; putting the sampling device into the sampling hole; putting a sampling assisting device into the sampling device; injecting water into the sampling assisting device; making the sampling device contact with a soil section; taking the sampling device out 36-48 hours later; and detecting to make sure that the content of phosphorus in soil is between 0.001 mg/L and 1 mg/L. In the process of the method, a flexible support is formed by using a membrane diffusion gradient technical device and a water sac, so that the method is suitable for field sampling and device adaptability is wider; a pretreating device is adopted, so that the method is suitable for droughty soil environment and sampling is simplified; meanwhile, the influence of a large amount of irrigation on leaching can be avoided; and iron and aluminum oxides are taken as a precipitated phase, so that higher adaptability is achieved compared with a single iron oxide and the production cost is lowered.

The invention discloses a method for recycling nitric acid and copper from waste water generated in production of a printed circuit board. The method comprises the following steps that: (1) waste water generated in production of the printed circuit board and water flow through an inner cavity of an anion-exchange membrane diffusion dialysis apparatus at the same time, the flow speed of the waste water and the water is controlled, so that the waste water flowing out of the anion-exchange membrane diffusion dialysis apparatus is turned into raffinate with 0.05-0.2mol/L of nitric acid, the water flowing out of the anion-exchange membrane diffusion dialysis apparatus is turned into recycled liquid with a large quantity of nitric acid and little copper ions, and the recycled liquid returns back to a step of copper peeling in the production of the printed circuit board to be recycled; and (2) the raffinate is guided into an electrolytic cell for electrolysis, so that the copper in waste water is recycled. According to the method, the nitric acid is recycled, and the electrolysis recovery efficiency of copper is improved; and the discharged waste water contaminating the environment is reduced, the resource is recycled and the energy consumption is also lowered.

The invention discloses an alkali recovery process for paper-making black liquid. The alkali recovery process for the paper-making black liquid comprises the following steps: filtering the paper-making black liquid to remove solid impurities; allowing the paper-making black liquid and water to flow through an inner cavity of a cation exchange membrane diffusion dialyzer; and controlling the flow rate of the paper-making black liquid and the water, so that the NaOH content of the paper-making liquid flowing out of the cation exchange membrane diffusion dialyzer is 25 to 35 g/L. The process is low in energy consumption, high in efficiency and low in environmental pollution, and can bring the benefits of saving resources and reducing the production cost.

A membrane separation device includes a separation membrane immersed in water to be treated and an air diffusion device positioned below the separation membrane, and provides treated water that has permeated through the separation membrane while diffusing air from the air diffusion device towards the separation membrane. A target value setting step sets a target value of an amount of diffusion air diffused from the air diffusion device based on a transmembrane pressure difference, and the air diffusion device is controlled such that the amount of the diffusion air becomes the target value. In the target value setting step, an absolute value of a change or a rate of change in the target value for increasing the amount of the air diffusion is set greater than an absolute value of a change or a rate of change in the target value for decreasing the amount of the air diffusion.

The invention provides a recycling treatment method for phosphate ester fire retardant waste water. The phosphate ester fire retardant waste water comprises pickling waste water and alkaline waste water. The recycling treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1, diffusion dialysis: a step of subjecting the pickling waste water having undergone filtering to anion-exchange membrane diffusion dialysis so as to obtain a concentrated acid solution and a weak acid solution, wherein the concentrated acid solution is recycled and reused in the pickling procedure of a fire retardant production process; 2, wet oxidation: a step of adjusting the pH value of the alkaline waste water having undergone filtering to 3 to 11 by using the weak acid solution obtained in the step 1 and then carrying out wet oxidation on the alkaline waste water so as to obtain treatment fluid; and 3, adsorption: a step of adding an adsorbent in the treatment fluid obtained in the step 2, carrying out a stirring reaction, then carrying out filtering so as to obtain a filtrate and evaporating salt from the filtrate or directly discharging the filtrate having reached the standard. The method provided by the invention employs a combination of diffusion dialysis and wet oxidation for treatment of the phosphate ester fire retardant waste water, so the waste water is discharged after having reached the standard, acid in the pickling waste water is recycled, and production cost for the fire retardant is reduced.

The invention discloses a device and method for non-distillation-free and non-chromogenic detection of trace amounts of easily-released cyanide and total cyanide in an aqueous solution. The device includes a peristaltic pump, an alkali solution pump tube, an acid solution pump tube, an aqueous solution pump tube, a washing device, and a detection device. The method includes filtering the sample solution, mixing it with an acidic solution, mixing it fully in the mixing tube, and transporting it to the photolysis device for photolysis, so that the different forms of cyanide are converted into simple hydrogen cyanide, and the sulfide is converted into hydrogen sulfide. The alkali chamber of the membrane diffusion separator flows through the low-pressure enrichment column, and the cyanide retained in the low-pressure enrichment column is washed by the eluent in the injection pump, enters the ampere pool, and is detected by DC amperometry. The operating conditions of the present invention are mild , high selectivity, long service life of hydrophobic membrane, safety and environmental protection, high recovery rate and no human error, it can measure easily released cyanide or total cyanide in wastewater within 10 minutes.

The invention relates to a post-processing method for squeezed alkali liquid in diffusion dialysis recycling viscose manufacture, and belongs to the technical field of viscose manufacture. The post-processing method comprises the following steps: performing filtration preprocessing for the squeezed alkali liquid; then performing cation exchange membrane diffusion dialysis processing; post-processing the recycling liquid with low hemicelluloses content and residue liquid with high hemicelluloses content both obtained through separation, wherein the post-processing refers to concentrating or attenuating the recycling liquid with low hemicelluloses content to retrieve alkali liquid, and neutralizing the residue liquid with high hemicelluloses content to obtain the hemicelluloses. The preprocessing technology aims at the diffusion dialysis technology for recycling the viscose squeezed liquid, and adopts filtration preprocessing method to process the squeezed alkali liquid; the preprocessing technology performs post-processing for the recycling liquid with low hemicelluloses content and the residue liquid with high hemicelluloses content respectively, the obtained recycling liquid, through concentration or attenuation, can be used in the alkali-requiring process in the viscose manufacture, and meet the alkali-requiring index requirement of the process.

The present invention provides an approach to control the generation and grow of nanocrystal with membrane diffusion method and related apparatuses to produce inorganic oxide nanopowders and metal nanoparticles. With this method, the size and size distribution of inorganic oxide nanopowders and metal nanoparticles can be tuned. It overcomes the shortcomings possessed by the common chemical and physical method of preparing nanoparticles.

The invention provides a diffusion dialysis device for recycling NH4<+> from coking wastewater, and a method for treating the coking wastewater and other high-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater and recycling the NH4<+> by using the device. The economic feasibility and technical feasibility of the treatment method are fully considered, the high-concentration NH4<+> in the coking wastewater is subjected to the combined technology of membrane diffusion dialysis separation and sodium tetraphenylborate selective precipitation, the aim of removing and recycling NH4<+> from the coking wastewater containing high-concentration ammonia nitrogen and other high-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater is achieved, the removal rate of the NH4<+> can be over 95 percent, and the recycling rate of the NH4<+> can be over 90 percent.

The invention discloses a sulfuric acid recovery technique in the process of producing cystine by adopting a sulfuric acid method. The sulfuric acid recovery technique comprises the steps of: (1) simultaneously flowing hydrolysate and water through an anion-exchange membrane diffusion dialyzer, controlling the flow velocity of the hydrolysate and water so that the pH value of the hydrolysate flowing out is 1-1.5 and the water flowing out becomes acid liquor; and (2) flowing the hydrolysate and water out to simultaneously flow through an electrodialyzer, so that the pH value of the hydrolysate flowing out from a desalting chamber of the electrodialyzer is 3-4 through controlling the electrified voltage and the flow rate of the hydrolysate and water, wherein the hydrolystae flows in cystine production procedure, and the water flowing out from a concentration chamber of the electrodialyzer becomes diluted acid liquor which is used for replacing the water in the step (1), thus realizing the recovery cycle of sulfuric acid. The technique is simple and easy for steps, the consumption of alkali and liquid ammonia in cystine production can be reduced, the raw materials can be saved, the production cost can be lowered, the content of salt in waste water can be decreased, and the treating difficulty and treatment cost of waste water can be lowered.

The invention discloses a method for directly detecting ammonia in wastewater by non-contact gas membrane diffusion-electric conductance. The method comprises the steps that a sample solution is sucked by a peristaltic pump A, a quantitative loop is filled with the sample solution, after a six-way valve is switched, a peristaltic pump B drives and sucks an alkaline solution to make the alkaline solution sufficiently mixed with the sample solution, ammonia in the sample solution is all transformed into ammonia gas, then the ammonia gas enters a sample solution cavity channel of a membrane diffusion unit, and a certain proportion of the ammonia gas is not in contact with a hydrophobic membrane, diffuses into a received solution cavity channel on the other side and turns into ammonium ions. Through a 'flow stop' or 'flowing' dialysis mode, a received solution which contains the ammonium ions enters the received solution cavity channel of the membrane diffusion unit and flows through a conductance cell, and an electrical conductivity detector directly measures the ammonia content according to the conductivity change of the solution. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the method has high selectivity, does not need distillation and color rendering, and is good in sample adaptability, wide in linearity range and long in service life of membranes, no toxic reagent is used, and the ammonia in sewage or recycled water can be directly determined within 5 minutes.

The invention discloses a method for systemically improving the efficiency of a low-grade bauxite Bayer-method process and relates to improvement of a technology of producing aluminum oxide through aBayer method. The method is characterized in that a main technological process comprises the following steps: 1) dissolving out bauxite by utilizing a circulating mother solution; 2) treating a Bayerseed precipitation steaming mother solution by utilizing a cationic membrane diffusion dialysis separator to obtain a low-alphak sodium aluminate solution and a high-alphak sodium aluminate solution;conveying the low-alphak sodium aluminate solution into a Bayer seed precipitation procedure, and carrying out secondary crystal seed decomposition; 3) mixing the high-alphak sodium aluminate solutionof step 2), supplemented liquid alkali, lime and a Bayer red mud filter cake to prepare alkaline red mud; carrying out leaching treatment on the alkaline red mud at room temperature to obtain red mudhigh-temperature leaching residues and red mud high-temperature leaching liquid. The method is suitable for treating middle-grade and low-grade bauxite with the A/S of 2.50 to 7.00 and has the advantages of high efficiency of a production process, low ore consumption and low alkali consumption; the A/S of the discharged high-temperature leaching residues is 0.50 to 0.90, the N/S is less than or equal to 0.15 and the total decomposition rate of a seed precipitation process is greater than or equal to 68 percent.

The invention discloses a wear-resistant flexible diffusion film and a preparation process thereof. The preparation process comprises the following steps: (1) preparing diffusion particles: preparing silicon dioxide microspheres from a silicon source and ammonia water; injecting zinc ions to prepare modified silicon dioxide microspheres; adding urea, sodium tartrate and vinyl trimethoxy silane, and reacting; adding polyethylene and an initiator, and reacting; (2) preparing the film body: reacting hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene with glyoxylic acid, and reacting with m-phenylenediamine to prepare modified polybutadiene; reacting with diffusion particles and maleic anhydride, coating and stretching; and (3) preparing the diffusion film: coating the surface of the diffusion film body with the coating, compounding the coating surface with the base film, and curing. According to the arrangement of the diffusion film and the preparation process thereof, the layer structure of the base film and the diffusion film body is formed, the base film and the diffusion film body are bonded and filled through the coating, relative refraction exists between every two films, light refraction can be effectively increased, backscattering can be effectively reduced, and the transmittance and haze of the prepared diffusion film are improved.

The invention discloses a mercury bioavailability measuring device and method, and relates to the technical field of metal pollution detection, the mercury bioavailability measuring device comprises a filter membrane, a diffusion membrane, an adsorption membrane and a plastic shell for fixing the filter membrane, the diffusion membrane and the adsorption membrane, the filter membrane is a glass fiber filter membrane, the diffusion membrane is a membrane made of agarose gel with the mass percent of 1.5%, and the adsorption membrane is a membrane made of silica gel. According to the invention, the novel gel assembled DGT device is self-researched, the manufacturing method of the DGT device is simple in process, the raw materials are easy to obtain, the cost is low, and a basis is provided for DGT production localization; meanwhile, by researching the application conditions and effects of the DGT device, a scientific basis is expected to be provided for mercury pollution risk evaluation and pollution abatement.

The invention relates to a synthetic method of 3-aminopropanol, in particular to production equipment and method for synthesizing 3-aminopropanol through continuous hydrogenation, and belongs to the technical field of chemical organic synthesis. The equipment mainly comprises a membrane diffusion module, a packed bed reactor and a gas-liquid separation device which are connected in sequence; the top end of the gas-liquid separation device is connected with an ammonia gas absorption device; a bottom outlet of the gas-liquid separation device is connected with a liquid phase collection device, and the liquid phase collection device is connected with a rectifying tower pipeline; the membrane diffusion module is provided with a liquid phase inlet and a gas phase inlet; a 3-hydroxypropionitrilestorage tank is connected with the liquid phase inlet; and a hydrogen steel cylinder and an ammonia gas steel cylinder are connected with a gas phase inlet through branch pipelines respectively. Themethod and the device disclosed by the invention are low in cost, high in total yield, good in safety and environment-friendly. In the absence of a solvent, a supported nickel-based catalyst and ammonia gas are used as co-catalysts, and hydrogen is introduced to reduce cyano groups, so that the defects of temperature runaway and low productivity of a kettle type reaction device are avoided, and the process route is economic, safe, green and environment-friendly,.