A method for treating the surface of a metallic material (210). The method comprises an
anodizing step (104), in which a
metal oxide layer (220) is formed on the surface of the metallic material. The method comprises a sealing step (112) comprising reacting the metallic material (210) with a first
nickel free solution to form a sealing layer (240) at a temperature of at least 15 degrees Celsius for at least 3 minutes. The first
nickel free solution comprises an
aqueous solution containing at least one of a
lithium ion compound, a
sodium ion compound, a
potassium ion compound, and an
ammonium ion compound. The method comprises a
coating step (118) comprising applying a second
nickel free solution to the sealing layer (240) at a temperature of at least 85 degrees Celsius for at least 10 minutes to form a
coating (250). The second
nickel free solution comprises an
aqueous solution containing at least one of a
lithium ion compound, a
sodium ion compound, a
potassium ion compound, and an
ammonium ion compound.