The invention provides a device and a method for improving screen printing precise alignment by using a contact photoetching machine. The method comprises the following steps: when photoetching, inserting a positioning jig frame provided with a screen printing mask image into the contact photoetching machine, adjusting brightness through an auxiliary spacer, setting compressed air to upwards move a spacer bearing platform, realizing X-Y-Z photoetching pre-positioning through sensor induction, aligning the screen printing image with a silicon wafer image on the spacer bearing platform through a microscopical alignment system, putting printing paint on a silk screen, and printing the image with a scraper blade, and when the spacer bearing platform moves downwards to the original position, taking the silicon wafer out. The device and the method have the following advantages that: the screen printing alignment precision is improved to +/-3 mum of the microelectronic technology from 10 to 15 mum of the common thick film technology; coating and alignment of substrates of a plurality of layers of stacked silicon wafers, which have different thicknesses, are realized; and application range is obviously widened. The device has simple structure, method and operation, is easily integrated and popularized, and realizes the substitution of a contact photoetching mask plate with the screen printing mask image.