The invention discloses a method and a device for vacuum hot dip aluminum or aluminum alloy plating for a metal workpiece, which can effectively prolong the service life of the metal workpiece. The method comprises the following steps of: loading, vacuumizing for furnace sweeping, carrying out metal workpiece reduction, melting molten aluminum, carrying out hot dip aluminum or aluminum alloy plating, cooling the metal workpiece and taking out the metal workpiece. The device comprises a vacuum pump, a reversing valve, a reduction furnace exhaust pipe, a cooling furnace exhaust pipe, an inlet valve, a cooling water outlet, connection bolts, a winding motor, a steel wire rope, a feeding mechanism, a charging tray, an upper vent valve, a cooling furnace, a cooling wall, a cooling water inlet, a sealing valve cover, a driving rotation shaft, a reduction furnace, a heating element, a reduction furnace insulating layer, a lower vent valve, molten aluminum, an aluminum melting furnace, a heater and an molten aluminum melting furnace insulating layer. By the method and the device provided by the invention, the defect of plating omission can be removed, and the dip plating speed is increased; in the dip plating process, anti-oxidation treatment and degassing treatment can be carried out for the plating solution in vacuum condition, the defects, such as a pin hole and accretion, are eliminated, and the dip plating quality is improved.