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This invention belongs to the field of petroleum drilling technology and relates to a telescopic grinding shoe composite stacked PDC drill bit, comprising a drill bit body, a grinding shoe column, stacked PDC cutter wings, and a control sub. The stacked PDC cutter wings are fixed to the bottom of the drill bit body and are composed of multiple single-layer PDC cutter wings interlocked. The drill bit body is connected to the control sub via a connector at the top. The drill bit body is provided with a chip removal groove, and several nozzles are distributed at the bottom of the drill bit body. Gauge holders are distributed on the sides of the drill bit body. The grinding shoe column is disposed within the chip removal groove and is arranged along the axial direction of the drill bit body. A power unit drives the grinding shoe column to extend and retract along its axial direction. The telescopic grinding shoe composite stacked PDC drill bit proposed in this invention can realize the disposal and self-regeneration of worn PDC drill bit structures, thereby shortening the drilling cycle and reducing drilling costs.