The invention relates to a high-filling-content micro-nano powder / polymer composite material for 3D printing and a preparation method and a product thereof. The material contains the following raw materials, by weight, 10-30 parts of a polymer, 90-70 parts of a micro-nano powder, 0.05-0.2 part of an irradiation sensitizer and 0.01-0.02 part of an antioxidant. The micro nano powder is used as a main material and polymer resin is used as a binding agent, and moulding is finished by a 3D printing mode. Simultaneously, the irradiation sensitizer is added, and the polymer resin forms a three-dimensional cross-linked network after electron beam irradiation. Then, strength, heat resistance and chemical corrosion resistance are raised after resin bonding. The high-filling-content micro-nano powder endows the moulding material with excellent mechanical properties. In addition, according to changes of product usage environment and demand, types of the micro-nano powder are changed so as to obtain a material with special functionality, such as excellent conductivity, thermal conductivity, flame resistance, impact resistance and the like.