The application provides a high-capacity and high-rate hard carbon negative
electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of
sodium ion battery negative
electrode materials. Specifically,
biomass shell raw materials are coarsely broken and sieved to obtain
biomass coarse
powder; the
biomass coarse
powder is mixed with an
oxidizing agent and then pre-oxidized; mechanical pulverization is performed to obtain biomass coarse
powder with a D50 of 8-15 microns; the biomass coarse powder is added into mixed acid and heated in a water bath, and then washed with water until neutral to obtain a purified precursor; and finally, the precursor is subjected to staged high-temperature
carbonization in a vacuum
carbonization furnace. Through specific process parameters, the prepared hard carbon material has a
hierarchical porous structure and a suitable
graphite microcrystalline layer spacing, and has a low total content of
metal impurities; when applied to a
sodium ion battery negative
electrode, the hard carbon material exhibits a high reversible specific capacity, a high initial coulombic efficiency, and excellent long cycle stability and rate performance.