The invention provides glue liquor for a flame-retardant paper-based copper-clad laminate, the flame-retardant paper-based copper-clad laminate and preparation methods of the glue liquor and the flame-retardant paper-based copper-clad laminate. The glue liquor for the flame-retardant paper-based copper-clad laminate is prepared from, by weight, epoxidized soybean oil-modified phenolic resin, epoxy resin, a flame retardant and an organic solvent, wherein the epoxidized soybean oil-modified phenolic resin is prepared from, by weight, 1,200-1,600 parts of epoxidized soybean oil, 500-700 parts of phenol, 1,000-1,300 parts of bisphenol A, 5-10 parts of 2-methylimidazole, 800-1,200 parts of formaldehyde, 60-150 parts of a basic catalyst, 2,500-3,000 parts of a solvent, 5-60 parts of graphene and 5-40 parts of graphene oxide. The copper-clad laminate is simple in preparation process, capable of saving energy and low in cost and has the good punching property, soldering resistance, flame retardance and processability.